What the changes say
- Institutional asset-management revenue is newly tied explicitly to falling asset values and transaction volumes through AUM-based fees.
- Sustainability practices face increasing scrutiny from investors, regulators, and customers with evolving, potentially conflicting standards.
- Litigation risk now expressly includes cost-of-insurance charges and premium-rate increases.
- Competition now highlights AI, investment performance, fee levels, institutional relationships, talent, and new investment strategies.
What changed since the prior 10-K
New
- New
Market conditions resulting in reductions in the value of assets we manage or lower transaction volume may have an adverse effect on the revenues and profitability of our institutional asset management services, which depend on fees related primarily to the value of assets under management (“AUM”)
Institutional asset-management revenue and profitability could decline when asset values or transaction volumes fall because fees depend mainly on AUM.
- NewRegulatory and Legal Risks
Our Efforts to Enhance the Sustainability of our Businesses May Not Meet Investors', Regulators' or Customers' Expectations
Sustainability initiatives and interim targets may fail to satisfy evolving or conflicting expectations from investors, regulators, and customers.
Dropped
- DroppedOperational Risks
Our practices and procedures may, at times, limit our efforts to contact all our customers, which may result in delayed, untimely, or missed customer payments
Reworded
- 70% rewrittenRegulatory and Legal Risks
We May Face Increasing Litigation and Regulatory Investigations
Litigation examples now expressly include cost-of-insurance charges and premium-rate increases, while naming clients alongside customers and employees.
- 62% rewrittenRisks Related to Acquisitions, Dispositions or Other Structural Changes
We May Face Risks Related to Our Separation from Brighthouse
Brighthouse could enter a transaction, including a sale, potentially disrupting separation arrangements or creating financial and regulatory risks.
- 42% rewrittenOperational Risks
If we are unable to obtain necessary and accurate information from our customers or their employees, we may be unable to provide or verify coverage and pay claims, or we may pay claims without sufficient documentation
The risk now adds delayed or missed customer payments from limited contact efforts and fraud by associates, vendors, agents, or customers.
- 39% rewritten
We May Face Difficult Economic Conditions
No substantive change; the risk continues to cover market, economic, climate, public-health, and government-related effects on investments and insurance liabilities.
- 36% rewrittenBusiness Risks
We May Face Competition for Business
Competition factors now include commission structure, investment performance, fee levels, new strategies and products, institutional relationships, talent, sustainability expectations, and AI.
- 32% rewrittenOperational Risks
Our Policies and Procedures May Be Insufficient to Protect Us From Operational Risks
Operational errors now expressly include information and investment systems, regulatory fines, and reimbursing clients for investment losses.
- 26% rewrittenRegulatory and Legal Risks
We May Not be Able to Pay Dividends or Repurchase Our Stock Due to Legal and Regulatory Restrictions or Cash Buffer Needs
No substantive risk change; the wording now refers to the Board of Directors and clarifies restrictions on dividends and repurchases.
- 21% rewrittenBusiness Risks
We Face Technological Changes That Present New and Intensified Challenges and May Fail to Foresee or Adapt to These Changes
The risk now explicitly includes information systems of other third parties, not only MetLife and its vendors.
All 38 risk factors
Headings as the filing states them, in filing order.
Other
- 01Many of these risks are interrelated and could occur under similar business and economic conditions, and the occurrence of any of them may cause others to emerge or worsen. Such combinations could materially increase the severity of the cumulative or separate impact of these risks
- 02We May Face Difficult Economic Conditions39% rewritten
- 03Market conditions resulting in reductions in the value of assets we manage or lower transaction volume may have an adverse effect on the revenues and profitability of our institutional asset management services, which depend on fees related primarily to the value of assets under management (“AUM”)new
- 04Some of our products and investments expose us to interest rate risks, including changes in the difference between short-term and long-term interest rates, which may reduce or eliminate our investment spread and net income
- 05Political, Obligor and Counterparty Risks
- 06Currency Exchange Rate Risks
- 07Terrorism and Security Risks
- 08We May Lose Business Due to a Downgrade or a Potential Downgrade in Our Financial Strength or Credit Ratings
- 09We May Not Find Available, Affordable or Adequate Reinsurance to Protect Us Against Losses
- 10Our Statutory Life Insurance Reserve Financings Costs May Increase, and We May Find Limited Market Capacity for New Financings
Regulatory and Legal Risks
- 11We may incur costs to comply with laws and regulations and changes to or interpretations of these laws and regulations may increase our expenses and regulatory capital charges. Our failure to comply with our own policies or with regulatory requirements may harm our reputation or result in sanctions or legal claims
- 12We May Face Increasing Litigation and Regulatory Investigations70% rewritten
- 13Our Efforts to Enhance the Sustainability of our Businesses May Not Meet Investors', Regulators' or Customers' Expectationsnew
- 14We May Not be Able to Pay Dividends or Repurchase Our Stock Due to Legal and Regulatory Restrictions or Cash Buffer Needs26% rewritten
- 15Our Subsidiaries May be Unable to Pay Dividends, a Major Component of Holding Company Free Cash Flow
- 16We May Face Defaults, Downgrades, Volatility or Other Events That Adversely Affect the Investments We Hold
- 17We May Have to Pledge Collateral or Make Payments in Derivatives and Reinsurance Transactions
Business Risks
- 18Our Actual Claims or Other Results May Differ From Our Estimates, Assumptions, or Models
- 19If our actual claims experience is less favorable than the underlying underwriting, reserving, and other assumptions we used in establishing claim liabilities, we could be required to reduce value of business acquired (“VOBA”), increase our liabilities, or incur higher costs
- 20We May Face a Variety of Political, Legal, Operational, Economic and Other Risks Globally
- 21We May Face Competition for Business36% rewritten
- 22We Face Technological Changes That Present New and Intensified Challenges and May Fail to Foresee or Adapt to These Changes21% rewritten
- 23We May Face Catastrophes That Affect Liabilities for Policyholder Claims and Reinsurance Availability
- 24We May Face Direct or Indirect Effects of Climate Change or Responses to It
- 25We May Need to Fund Deficiencies in Our Closed Block, and May Not Re-Allocate Closed Block Assets
- 26We may write down long-lived assets if we conclude we will be unable to recover their carrying amount
- 27We May Be Required to Impair VODA, VOBA or VOCRA
- 28We May Face Volatility, Higher Risk Management Costs, and Increased Counterparty Risk Due to Guarantees Within Certain of Our Products
Operational Risks
- 29Our ERM and business continuity policies and procedures may not be sufficiently comprehensive and may not identify or adequately protect us from every risk to which we are exposed
- 30Our Policies and Procedures May Be Insufficient to Protect Us From Operational Risks32% rewritten
- 31If we are unable to obtain necessary and accurate information from our customers or their employees, we may be unable to provide or verify coverage and pay claims, or we may pay claims without sufficient documentation42% rewritten
- 32We may fail to attract, motivate and retain employees, develop talent, and plan for management succession. Additionally, attrition and the loss of key personnel could cause a lapse in implementation of policies and procedures, adversely affect investment performance, and impair our ability to remain competitive
- 33We May Face Changes in Accounting Standards
- 34Our Associates May Take Excessive Risks
- 35We May Have Difficulty in or Complications from Marketing and Distributing Our Products
- 36We may be unable to prevent third parties from infringing on or misappropriating our intellectual property. We may incur litigation costs to enforce and protect it or to determine its scope or validity, and we may not be successful
Risks Related to Acquisitions, Dispositions or Other Structural Changes
- 37We May Face Risks Related to Our Separation from Brighthouse62% rewritten
- 38MetLife, Inc.’s Board of Directors May Influence the Outcome of Stockholder Votes on Matters Due to the MetLife Policyholder Trust
Other Metlife 10-Ks
- 2025 10-K risk factors
37 risks. MetLife is most exposed to interest-rate, credit-market and investment risks that affect spreads, guarantees, reserves and earnings.
Filed Feb 21, 2025
About this page
Item 1A of the 10-K on EDGAR was split into its risk factors and, where the company's previous 10-K is on file, each heading was matched to last year's and the text compared word for word. The headings are the filing's own. The one-line readings and the overview were written by a language model from the text of the new, dropped, and rewritten risks; they refer to risks by position and cannot misquote a heading.