Gaming & Leisure Properties (GLPI) Q2 2026 earnings call transcript

I will now turn the conference over to your host, Joe Giaffoni. Thank you.

Thank you, Carrie, and good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining Gaming & Lleisure Properties' second quarter 2026 earnings call and webcast. The press release distributed yesterday afternoon is available in the investor relations section on our website at www. glpropinc. com. In addition to the second quarter press release, GLPI also posted supplemental earnings presentation, which highlights the events of the quarter, recent developments, and future considerations that can also be accessed at www. glpropping. com.

On today's call, management's prepared remarks and answers to your questions may contain forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements address matters that are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed today. Thank you. of non-GAAP financial measures contained in the company's earnings release. On this morning's call, we are joined by Peter Carlino, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer at Gaming & Leisure Properties.

Also joining today's call are Brandon Moore, President and Chief Operating Officer, Desiree Burke, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, Steve Ladney, Senior Vice President and Chief Development Officer, and Carlos Santorelli, Senior Vice President, Corporate Strategy and Investor Relations.

With that, it's now my pleasure to turn the call over to Peter Carlino.

Joe, Peter, please go ahead. Well, thank you, Joe, and good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us this morning. So we're happy to announce another strong quarter that sees our AFFO expanding 10% year over year, and we anticipate healthy growth in the near and medium term as our pipeline, which you all can see pretty clearly provides a lot of visibility into the pace of our growth, which continues to remain strong. So we believe the environment for continued transaction activity remains healthy, and we're optimistic that this trend will continue through the balance of this year and beyond. One of importance, and I think critical importance, during the second quarter is that the regional gaming market remains strong.

I hear a lot of weeping and gnashing of teeth that suggest that somehow the regional gaming business is weak. It is absolutely not. In fact, there's some lovely numbers being produced by some of our tenants with properties existing and new and expanded. So the operating environment in the regional world is still very, very strong.

Our tenants are benefiting from good same-store growth and return on investment where they have opened new properties or expansion of properties. So it's very strong. I have said for many, many years, and I'll stand by it today, despite all the grexion in the marketplace, the gaming revenues are bulletproof. You can write that one down. They're bulletproof, and gaming companies just are as stable an investment as exists on the planet.

So I would also note that, by the way, this quarter our dividend was increased by 5% to $0.82 per share, bringing our three-year dividend growth compounded to 4.4%. So our balance sheet remains strong, providing flexibility for ongoing projects. We can finance everything that we've got announced with what we have available today. We have no need to go to the market if we don't feel like it.

Given our progress today, we feel good, by the way, about the second half of 2026. First half has been very, very strong. So with that, we're happy and believe that the company remains well positioned to continue on the path that we've set, And that gives me the great opportunity to turn the microphone over to Desiree, who can't wait to get to you.

Thanks, Peter, and good morning. For the second quarter of 2026, our total income from real estate exceeded the second quarter of 25 by over $35 million. The growth was driven by approximately $43 million in increases in cash income, resulting from acquisitions and escalations. For Bally's, the acquisition of the Lincoln Real Estate increased our cash income by $14 million. The Chicago Lease increased cash income by $9 million. And the Bell Development Project increased our cash income by $2.4 million. For Penn, the Joliet, Aurora, and M Resort funding increased cash income by a collective $5.8 million. The Sunland Park Strategic Acquisition increased cash income by $3.8 million. And the Dry Creek, Iown, and Cordish, Virginia loans increased cash income by $4 million.

The recognition of escalators and percentage rent adjustments on our leases added approximately $4 million of cash income. And then the combination of our non-cash items from revenue gross-ups, investment and lease adjustments, and straight-line rent adjustments resulted in a decrease of $7.2 million. Our operating expenses decreased by $54 million, mainly due to the non-cash adjustments in the provision for credit losses. We also included in today's release guidance of between $1.219 billion and $1.225 billion, or $4.10 to $4.12 per diluted share in OP unit. The guidance does not include the impact of future transactions. However, it does include additional development funding of approximately $400 to $450 million, would be funded relatively evenly over the next two quarters, bringing our total development spend to $750 to $800 million, the same as what we projected last quarter.

From a balance sheet perspective, Peter mentioned that our leverage ratio is at 4.8 times, slightly below our target level of 5 to 5.5 times. We did settle our forward contract, issuing 7.6 million shares, and raised net proceeds of $351 million. I'll end with a reminder that our significant development projects pay us cash income upon funding, and our rent coverage on our master leases ranged from $158 to $246 this quarter, as of the prior quarter end, that is.

With that, I'll turn it back to Peter.

Thanks, Desiree. Yeah, look, I hope this highlights that we see all the companies in a terrific position, scarcely ever been better. So, we're very positive here as we sit around this table with what we have in front of us.

So, with that, let's get to your questions.

I'll take that. Hey, Ron, this is Carlos. So, look, I mean, obviously, two larger operators that have announced what would be effectively take private transactions. We have no relationship with MGM. Caesars, we do have a relatively small portfolio that's about 7% of our cash rent. I think the biggest thing that it shows is something we've believed all along, which is that the gaming business and the operator business in the public markets has been undervalued.

So I think from our perspective, that's been pleasant to see that others kind of view similarly. I'll turn it over to Steve to kind of talk about what he thinks it could mean for us from an opportunistic standpoint.

Yeah, that's fine. I don't think there's any reasonable – there's not a reason to believe that there will be definitive M&A that will fall out of those transactions. In other words, I don't think there are set divestitures that will be required to occur or meaningful divestitures that either of the potential buyers will require to occur. So, I think from our perspective, we have a phone. We're happy to answer it whenever someone calls. We have dialogue with our tenant there, and we would be receptive to any discussions if there were certain avenues they were pursuing or things they were interested in discussing. But I think as a base case, we are not assuming that there's derivative M&A that comes out of this.

I'll start with the beginning of your question. Yes, the $400 to $450 million includes Chicago, Iown, Dry Creek, and Virginia projects. So all four are included in our guidance, and they are all moving forward and expect to have – we expect to put money out during 2026.

As for the second part of your project, I will turn it over to Steve.

With respect to the 10-year Treasury, that's what you were asking about?

Yeah, no problem. So with respect to the existing pipeline, obviously there's no real impact. We're committed to provide that capital, and we will provide it. With respect to future potential transactions and things we're talking to folks about, I think it's a double-edged sword in that, obviously, it impacts our cost of debt and our borrowing costs. So that is a factor that weighs into where we could price potential transactions.

I think the opposite end of that pendulum is that it does, because borrowing costs are going up not only for us but also for operators, I think it does create another level of discussion and a little more interest as far as people seeking out alternative financing routes as they move forward with their capitalization.

Yes, Greg, I don't think we're going to get too much into the details on the option piece, but look, I mean, that was $150 million loan. It's good yield for us. The property is ramping nicely. You could all see the GGR results. Obviously, that property has been very well received. The City of Rockford has announced plans to put a hotel around the site, which should only further kind of help that property ramp. So I think just in talking with the partner and Steve could perhaps opine more on this it just felt like a good move for us to kind of let that money roll forward while also kind of cementing that option on the building down the road Yeah, I think, look, obviously the partner would prefer to not sell the building improvements to us down the line, so obviously that's an item that we'll see where we land as we get further into the loan term.

But I think the reality is they're excited about the property. The GGR continues to perform. We're comfortable with the loan, and therefore it just made sense for us to roll it at that rate.

I really think it depends on what the opportunity is. Obviously, we will be pricing in our cost of capital to any opportunity that we decide to, anything we decide to acquire. I wouldn't just assume we're always going to use debt for now. I think we'd have to price in our cost of equity if it was a larger transaction.

Yeah, look, our business, of course, is a spread to our cost, and some of the yields that we're able to attain because of the skills and capabilities that we bring to the table, the development ability and understanding construction, willingness to do some things maybe some others are less well-equipped to do, you know, we can command a price that gives us the margin that we need. So, it's deal by deal. I think Desiree answered it perfectly well. We're not going to do it. And I underscore again, you won't be seeing us doing anything crazy.

Thanks, Brad. So the VGTs, quite frankly, were in our underwriting. It's Chicago, it's Illinois, it's a very long, obviously, relationship that we will have with that asset. So clearly you can imagine everything and anything would have been in our underwriting. The thing I will point out is I read something recently. I believe there's about 7,000 sweepstakes machines already in that market. So to believe that this type of gaming wasn't already taking place I think would be naive. Clearly, you know, Bally's is going through some things right now with the city as it relates to how this impacts some of the agreements that they've previously come to. In our view, you know, this VGT concept was included in our underwriting, and another thing that was included in our underwriting also was Hawthorne, which seems to not be coming to fruition.

So, I would say that the puts and takes there are pretty benign overall.

Yeah, I can take that one. I think the timing of the 125 is somewhat uncertain still. The stadium is proceeding quite nicely. I think you would hear from the A's that the stadium's ahead of schedule. We've had the opportunity to visit that stadium, Peter and I, this year. I think it will be a spectacular event venue, and that will drive a lot of value to the site. So we're keeping an eye on it. Valleys is coming close, I think, to a more concrete plan for some of the critical infrastructure that needs to support the stadium. And by that, I mean excess waves, the podium, utility, utility conduits, things like that. But there may be an opportunity for us to invest more in that property and some of that key critical infrastructure.

And we'll take a look at that when that time comes. But I don't think we're prepared at the present time to commit to anything over the 125, and we'll continue to work with Valleys and see if that makes sense.

Yes, it's something that we're aware of. I think any broader process that's run will definitely be involved and will definitely take a look. I would assume that most of the processes you're not supposed to be working with anyone in particular per your NDA. I can't speak to any discussions that may or may not be happening on those fronts, but I can tell you that we're definitely aware of the assets. We've spoken with various folks that are involved in that process, and we will see how it proceeds. There are assets there that are quality assets. There are other assets that are maybe a little more challenging, but at the same time, depending on whether it's an existing tenant, We have a relationship with that finds value in certain assets, or more importantly or equally as important, potential new tenant relationships that might find interest in certain assets, whether it's because of ability to cross-manage and garner synergies or the like.

We're willing to have discussions with anybody and see if there's paths forward on various levels.

So, with respect to the three states you mentioned, I agree that there is legislation moving in those states, and there does seem to be some momentum, but whether or not that will get across the finish line is unclear. I think from a broader level, predictive markets, sports betting, it's all coming under some level of attack in a lot of states, both when it comes to predictive markets, certainly the federal level, and even sports betting on the state level, where people have started to take a closer look at some of the social ills that are occurring in certain demographics, online gaming and sports betting, and I think that's garnering a lot of attention in a lot of states, and I think in the three states you mentioned, And that's still a hot topic of conversation as to what impact allowing mobile and social-type gaming, what impact that's having on certain segments of the population.

And so I know depending on who you talk to, people are either overly optimistic that they can expand iGaming or overly optimistic that they can put an end to iGaming. I think both arguments have some momentum in different areas. And the three states you mentioned, I would agree, have some momentum toward iGaming, but on balance, I think you'll see most states are proceeding very, very cautiously with increased online gaming.

From our perspective, not much has changed on Bally's New York. We remain optimistic that that's going to be a positive and accretive project for the Bally's team. I don't think I think it makes a lot of sense for us to be involved with our cost of capital and the front end of that project, and I think that's something Bally's knows and we know. We remain close to them, and there could be opportunities for us as that continues. We do have a roper in New York on certain aspects, but I think it's way too early in that process, and they're pulling together their financing and construction financing, cost of capital, and those things for us to really know what kind of role we'll play.

I think we remain interested in being a part of New York if it's the right part and it's something we can do at an accretive level.

No, I mean, I think you did have that one challenging quarter, which would have been the calendar 4Q25 coming in at that point. What I saw when you look at it sequentially is stability as you move through the first quarter. You know, looking at the results from the likes of Caesars and Boyd and even Churchill, from the regional properties in the second quarter, and remember we're reporting those coverages one quarter in arrears, so we won't see that until we report 3Q, but looking at the 2Q trends and the performance of each of those tenants that I just mentioned, I think there should be a nice tailwind in their operations, and certainly things have strengthened for those operators in the regional markets.

So I think broadly speaking, that's a pretty good leading indicator for us as we look ahead.

You know, my sense is the consumer market generally is still pretty strong, despite all the negativity you see sometimes in the press. The economy is strong. There are areas, of course, of weakness, but by and large, I think people are in the marketplace. You know, you've heard me say many times, David, that people don't give up their entertainments. You know, food, shelter, and gambling are the priorities in people's lives. So across the board, we're sensing, because we get numbers when you get them, that demand is extremely strong, extremely strong. And I have talked broadly with some of the folks at Penn.

Their new projects and their investment of capital in hotels and so forth has been apparently off the charts. I mean, we'll all wait and get the final result quarter to quarter, but just a terrific result. So, I mean, we viscerally feel just a lot of enthusiasm out in the marketplace right now. And I think it's just a broad look at the economy generally.

Yeah, David, and I'll just add to that. I think, you know, going all the way back to kind of void spend at Treasure Chest, what you've seen is really healthy returns on incremental capital dollars put in place, including, as Peter just mentioned, Joliet. You know, the early results out of the temporary at Live Virginia have been incredibly positive, you know, for a temporary facility. So, I think dollars being put to work, you're seeing very healthy returns on them. I think that bodes well.

Well, besides the new project, you got a new hotel in Columbus, which I understand is going well. You've got the hotel at M, the expansion there that has also been apparently very strong. So, this is all good stuff for us.

And we're going to look for the things you would expect, so stability, long-term performance, competitive, the competitive threats or opportunities, the credit quality of the tenant. Do we have master lease? Is there a way to diversify not only geographically but just based across the portfolio and the asset base? So we're going to take a lot of factors into account. I think we would do that whether it was this year or last year or 10 years ago. So I don't think our underwriting process has changed. There's obviously, with the expansion of gaming into new jurisdictions over the last few years, I think that definitely changes the way we look at things. And I think it continues to mold the way we think about potential new jurisdictions and whether they were come to fruition and where would the asset that we're looking at be located on a geographic map as it relates to potential future competitions.

So those are all things we think about. I don't know if anybody else has any.

I think it's important to double back on something Carlos said in the beginning, which is some of the M&A activity in the regional markets, whether it be Valleys, MGM, or Caesars, is probably being driven by a dislocation between the perceived value of these operations and assets and the actual value of these operations and assets. And I think what you're finding is people get the stock prices get to the point where people say this has gotten to the point where we're just going to act on this and take it private and realize the value that the market's not seeing. And unfortunately for GLPI, I think the same dislocation feeds into our stock. We have very strong tenants that operate in markets that are doing quite well.

And despite what some of the reports have written, we see a lot of strength in our tenants' operations in the regions. And I think you're seeing that drive M&A, and I think you're seeing that in some of the M&A activity out there. So as long as those dislocations persist, I think you'll continue to see activity there.

Look, the gaming, broad-based gaming world has been around for more than 30 years. And I commend anyone to go back and just take a look at the track record of properties and performance over the long, long term. This is an incredibly stable industry, incredibly stable. We love these assets. Getting the market to appreciate the value of what we've got has been really a challenge.

Yeah, and I think whether our coverage is 2.5 or 2.3 or 1.8 or 1.6, these assets are all performing quite well. These are all portfolios and leases that our operators will want to continue to own and pay rent on. So while we remain frustrated at times with the equity cost of capital here, we're still very happy with the performance of our overall portfolio.

I think I'll jump in and then Desiree maybe can add something. I think the reality is there are some benefits that the operator gets with respect to depreciation, and the initial onset decision is going to be somewhat dictated by their cost of capital. I think as we move forward, the only other aspect I think they consider is the ramp they can get from the capital, whether their return on the EBITDA side is great enough that they could then sell the improvements to us later for a value that's larger than the cost to build. So I think those are the three things that the operator is probably considering when they make that decision. And I don't think it's a matter of will they sell the improvements to us ever.

I think it's a matter of when will they sell them to us because at the end of the day when it's the improvements constructed adjacent to a building we own on land we own, it's probably a foregone conclusion that we'll end up owning it at some point in time.

I agree with all that and I also think you have to look at it, I think, as a cross between debt and equity, right? So we're giving 35-year funding which is more akin to equity than it is to debt and most of the gaming operators typically barely get to a 10-year bond, much less 35 years. So, our cost of funding vis-a-vis their cost of equity is definitely a plus.

I mean, it's really just our best estimate of the timing of their funding. I mean, look, somebody could pull money in January instead of December, and that's why we have $4 to $450, and we are funding all four of those projects during 2026, and will continue. They will continue into 2027. So, the range is just simply, it's just timing as to when they're pulling the funding.

I can tell you that we have a list of those votes. You know, what I would also say is I think that the success that we've seen with these transitions over the last several years votes very well for others, you know, a willingness to make that leap and go forward. You know, to the extent I can identify anything specific at this point that operators have talked about, no, perhaps maybe Steve could, but I tend to think we have an eye on it. I think the history here has lent itself to promoting more such activity as we look out in the future.

Yeah, I don't know of any – there are things that we've had private discussions on. I don't think that there are many things public at this point. But, look, I think if you think about Penn's capital improvements, Bally's has made capital improvements and land side moves, and then Boyd, the proof's in the pudding. They've each put the capital forward, they've each seen the returns, and you can safely assume that they will continue to look for other ways to deploy that type of capital and achieve those types of returns. So I think that they've proved it for themselves, and I think they'll continue to look for opportunities, and we've had discussions, and we'll continue to be open to having more discussions.

As you've seen, the results have been stunning. Nothing short of stunning. So it's really transformed the opportunity market.

Agree.

I don't see any material difference, just as long as it's the quality of the people and the nature of the deal.

I mean, we like visibility. Public company visibility is nice to be able to see what's going on, as do you. We have a little less obviously with a private group, but no, I don't see anything materially different.

I agree, and the public company, nice to have disclosure, can go away the next day when they decide to go private. So we've all seen that happen a couple times. Our leases do require them to report to us on a monthly basis, balance sheets, income statements, information that we request. So we do have information on our private tenants just like we do on the public tenants. So from an information perspective, I'm not concerned at all and quite frankly kind of understand why the operators are doing what they're doing, right? They're not being rewarded in the market today and if they can find a cheaper cost of capital, they should do that. I think our bigger problem is not the information we get.

The bigger problem is we're unable to convey it to you folks. That's the bigger problem that we have. So we'll have continued transparency into what's going on at these properties. Unfortunately, it puts us in a tighter box to be able to discuss those things publicly.

Yeah, it's a little difficult to answer, John, just because I think there's a wide swath of what it means to be a private gaming operator. There are some family-owned businesses that are kind of small, and their access to capital is probably somewhat limited, and then we're talking about some of the largest gaming companies in the country becoming private. So if I kind of think about this on the smaller side of the spectrum, I'd say most of those folks, I'd say their ability to be active in the market is somewhat predicated on their access to capital. I think, obviously, the Illich family just completed the transaction.

They have plenty of access to capital, but as far as the size of their corporate structure and their team, I think it's going to take some time for them to digest that. and to then be able to look for the next thing to hunt. So I think there are different nuanced realities that come with each of these private companies that you have to be thoughtful about when you're trying to transact with them. But I think, look, at the end of the day, things like Greenfield are significantly easier for the private companies to do. They're not out there publicly reporting their cash flow metrics and their EBITDA impacts when they have none coming from the projects in which they're building.

And I think that's why we've seen in some states companies like Rush Street be able to do so many greenfield development projects and be so aggressive in expansion because they haven't had the same, you know, analysis and scrutiny from the public markets. So I think it will be a trend that will continue, and we'll see it probably more widely spread if we see some other jurisdictions legalize gaming.

I'll start, and then Steve can probably jump in. And look, I think, Mitch, we remain enthusiastic about the opportunity and the opportunities that are out there in the tribal gaming and financing world. As we indicated early on in this process, things move very, very slowly in tribal gaming and in tribal financing. And we are having, we have had and continue to have a lot of very productive conversations, both on developments, refinancing, and other potential uses of capital on tribal land held in trust.

Whether or not, to handicap whether or not some of those things will come to fruition in 2026 is hard to do. It would be speculative for us to do it, but it's certainly possible. We have a number of things we're discussing at the moment with various tribes, and I think whether it's 2026 or 2027, I do think you'll see some future activity out of us with respect to those tribes if we can get over a few humps. It's been a continual education process, and I think there's been growing receptivity, which we're now trying to cultivate and convert into growing adoption.

And as we do that, I think we're also looking to try to prove out that there are additional use cases beyond just tribal greenfields.

So we're working on all those fronts, and I agree with everything Brandon said. I don't think timing is known, but efforts are real.

And I think, Mitch, just to give you a little more comfort in how we look at this, we continue to look at high levels of coverage and a margin of safety around these tribal transactions. And in everything we're looking at currently, we are side by side with some other traditional banking and financing sources. So we're not a full solution for anybody at the moment, but trying to fill gaps and create a long-term piece of capital or a long-term piece of debt to complement what these tribes otherwise have with their traditional financing sources.

Yeah, I think with respect to the Churchill Downs, I guess, competitive process, I would expect, obviously, our main publicly traded competitor to be involved in that process, and they said that yesterday on their call. I also think that there are some different funds that have been, you know, I would think you would call them more private credit, like Blue Owl. I would expect that they would be active participants in this process. But beyond the three of us, I'm not sure that it goes much further or much deeper. As you pointed out, for strip assets, premier strip assets, I think that has brought others to the table like Blackstone in the past. I think if a premier strip asset were to come to market, I think the same thing would happen yet again.

But for a regional portfolio of, you know, a number of assets across a number of states, I think it's probably a pretty limited scope, most likely those three parties.

And I don't think it changes a lot, Robin. The way we look at this is we have a cost of capital. We have an underwriting of these facilities, what we think they'll do, what we think they can do, the competitive threats that they might be under. And we come up with a number that we think we're comfortable paying and a construct we're willing to do in a lease. And if we're outbid in that, fine. That's okay. Like, I don't think you'll see us chase any transactions just because there's competition. We'll have the same underwriting process and an auction process that we do privately. So it may reduce the likelihood of success on our part, but it won't change the way we approach the underwriting.

Yeah, you've heard me say for many years, there's no deal we have to do. It's just not what drives us here. So we're perfectly willing to walk away.

Well, look, I mean, that's always the last choice. I mean, that's where you throw in the towel and admit that the game is kind of over. At some level, sure, I think you'd have to responsibly look at that possibility, but we're not there yet by any means. We honestly think there's opportunity to be had, as I said earlier. And we have capabilities that others don't. I wouldn't sell short the development capability that we've already demonstrated. We'll step up and take a project from ground up. That is most unusual, but we have the skill to do it. And that's where we can add value and get returns that are a little bit different. You know, I've said many, many times that I'm not sure I ever want to be the winner at an auction.

I mean, it's just, I've sometimes said the winner loses. So, and we, there's certainly some examples of that where there have been auctions that have, let's say, not quite worked out the way the winner had hoped. So, we like to find opportunity where we can add value, and that's unique and different, so that we have, we're not really competing with others. That's kind of our goal, and that's what we've been doing largely.

I think overall not much. The reality is in states where iGaming has been prevalent for five or six years, it hasn't had an impact on the viability of our rent. In other words, in a state like Pennsylvania, what we've seen is slower growth in bricks and mortar. Not a deterioration in that business and certainly not something that has gone on to the level of impacting our tenants' ability and desire to pay rent. So, we keep a close eye on iGaming and the proliferation of iGaming and what it might mean, but I don't think it plays a significant role in how we would underwrite the acquisition of an asset. Now, that being said, if iGaming came into these states in a way that would be detrimental to the bricks and mortar, in other words, tax rates and things like that, that could effectively cause an operator to or disincentivize an operator to invest in their bricks and mortar property, we'll have to take that into consideration and certainly would.

So I don't think we see it as the end game to gaming. I think, as Peter said many times, we feel like people do enjoy the entertainment. They enjoy going out to do it. It has resulted in a supplemental source of revenue for some of our tenants and states that have it, which has been a benefit to us when we have things like parent guarantees because it's just created additional revenue to pay our rent. But I'd say we're cautious about it, but I don't think it has a tremendous impact on anything at the moment.

Let me note that Pennsylvania is the poster state for excess. A state that at one time had been circumspect about expansive gaming has sort of limited nothing. And yet, in spite of that, the bricks and mortar facilities continue to do, let me say, acceptably well. They've been impacted, but not disastrously.

Michael, I'll just add to that. I mean, when you think about our underwriting and you look at our coverages and you look at the longevity of how healthy these coverages have been over a decade plus, when we underwrite things, you know, we're underwriting 30-, 40-, 50-year leases, anything and everything is kind of included in the what could go wrong category, and that's how you kind of keep rent coverages where they are and healthy. You know, so when we do think about stuff like that, obviously, you know, iGaming is certainly a consideration in those bare and base cases.

I think on the rent coverage piece, it's more validated, our model for rent coverage, right? We've always been somewhat cautious around two times rent coverage from the time we spun out in 2013. I think as you've seen those rent coverages bounce around a little bit, they're still very healthy. I think what you're seeing in these gaming markets is they ebb and flow, and there are different economic cycles that impact gaming just as it impacts other things. But gaming has been very resilient in the regional markets, as has it been on the strip, quite frankly.

It may have more volatility, but it's still there, and people are still investing. So I think from my perspective, it sort of validates where we were in our rent coverage thought process initially, and that's why it continues to be healthy today.

Yeah, sorry. On the capex front, if, in fact, one of our tenants was going to pursue a larger capital improvement, there's a notification process. They would come to us, and if they're interested in discussing with us potentially us funding the capital, they would obviously provide us with additional information. So at the times in which they are pursuing those things, yes, we are receiving information, but just generally, more generally speaking, nothing we can share with you.

And I think you have seen increased capex. I mean, Penn in particular in the last two years has had a renewed emphasis on putting capital back into the bricks and mortar. So, and you've seen that in some other tenants as well. I think you'll continue to see that as the regional performance supports that CapEx spend.

Yeah, look, balance is a great illustration in Baton Rouge. Taking those two, dare I say, nondescript almost, in one case, pretty dreadful properties, and converting it into a real asset has been just phenomenal. And in a very, very stable and established market, has actually grown the market, which we would have thought would be a long shot, but has actually created more demand.

Well, not much to add that we haven't shared already. We appreciate your dialing in today. Look forward to seeing you again down the road next quarter. So, see you then. Thank you. Operator, thank you very much. Joe, thanks.