Tradeweb Markets (TW) risk factors, FY2025 10-K

Risks Relating to Market and Industry Dynamics and Competition

1. 01Economic, political and market conditions may reduce trading volumes, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations
2. 02Failure to compete successfully could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations20% rewritten
3. 03The industry in which we operate is rapidly evolving. If we are unable to adapt our business effectively to keep pace with industry changes, we may not be able to compete effectively, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations
4. 04Our use and development of, and investment in, AI and blockchain technologies and companies may not be successful and may present business, legal and reputational risks46% rewritten
5. 05Consolidation and concentration in the financial services industry could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations

Risks Relating to the Operation and Performance of our Business

1. 06We are dependent on our dealer clients to support our marketplaces by transacting with our other institutional, wholesale and retail clients
2. 07We do not have long-term contractual arrangements with certain of our clients, and our business performance could be impacted if these clients stop or lessen their usage of our platform and solutions, including as a result of macroeconomic factors31% rewritten
3. 08Our business could be harmed if we are unable to maintain and grow the capacity of our trading platform, systems and infrastructure27% rewritten
4. 09If we experience design defects, errors, failures or delays with our platform or solutions, our business could suffer serious harm
5. 10We rely on third parties to perform certain key functions, and their failure to perform those functions could result in the interruption of our operations and systems and could result in significant costs and reputational damage to us24% rewritten
6. 11We are dependent on third-party providers and our clients for our pre- and post-trade data, analytics and reporting solutions
7. 12We are dependent upon trading counterparties and clearinghouses to perform their obligations
8. 13Our quarterly results may fluctuate significantly and may not fully reflect the underlying performance of our business
9. 14Failure to retain our senior management team or the inability to attract and retain qualified personnel could materially adversely impact our ability to operate or grow our business
10. 15Damage to our reputation or brand could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations
11. 16We may incur impairment charges for our goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets which would negatively impact our operating results
12. 17Cryptocurrency and other digital assets are an emerging asset class that carries unique risk, including the risk of financial loss41% rewritten

Risks Relating to our Growth Strategies and other Strategic Opportunities

1. 18If we fail to maintain our current level of business or execute our growth plan, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially harmed
2. 19It is possible that our entry into new markets will not be successful, and potential new markets may not develop quickly or at all47% rewritten
3. 20These and other factors have led us to scale back our expansion efforts into new markets in the past, and there can be no assurance that we will not experience similar difficulties in the future. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully maintain or grow our operations abroad
4. 21We may undertake acquisitions or divestitures, which may not be successful, and which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations
5. 22If we enter into strategic alliances, partnerships, joint ventures or investments, we may not realize the anticipated strategic goals for any such transactions

Risks Relating to our International Operations

1. 23Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected by risks associated with our international operations33% rewritten
2. 24Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may adversely affect our financial results22% rewritten

Risks Relating to Cybersecurity and Intellectual Property

1. 25Actual or perceived security vulnerabilities in our systems, networks and infrastructure, breaches of security controls, unauthorized access to confidential or personal information or cyber attacks could harm our business, reputation and results of operations64% rewritten
2. 26Systems failures, interruptions, delays in service, catastrophic events and resulting interruptions in the availability of our platform or solutions could materially harm our business and reputation
3. 27We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property or rely on third-party intellectual property rights, which, in turn, could materially adversely affect our brand and our business
4. 28Third parties may claim that we are infringing or misappropriating their intellectual property rights, which could cause us to suffer competitive injury, expend significant resources defending against such claims or be prevented from offering our platform and solutions
5. 29Our use of open source software could result in litigation or impose unanticipated restrictions on our ability to commercialize our platform and solutions

Risks Relating to Legal, Regulatory and Tax Considerations

1. 30Extensive regulation of our industry results in ongoing exposure to significant costs and penalties, enhanced oversight and restrictions and limitations on our ability to conduct and grow our business
2. 31Our business, and the business of many of our clients, is subject to extensive regulation
3. 32Our actual or perceived failure to comply with privacy, data protection and information security laws, rules, regulations and obligations could harm our business23% rewritten
4. 33New tax legislation and regulation may materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows22% rewritten
5. 34Unanticipated changes in effective tax rates or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income or other tax returns could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition
6. 35Our compliance and risk management programs might not be effective and may result in outcomes that could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations
7. 36We are exposed to litigation risk, including securities litigation risk

Risks Relating to our Indebtedness

1. 37The credit agreement that governs the 2023 Revolving Credit Facility imposes certain operating and financial restrictions on us and our restricted subsidiaries, which may prevent us from capitalizing on business opportunities, and we may incur debt in the future that may include similar or additional restrictions
2. 38Any borrowings under the 2023 Revolving Credit Facility will subject us to interest rate risk, which could cause our debt service obligations to increase significantly

Risks Relating to our Organizational Structure and Governance

1. 39LSEG controls us and its interests may conflict with ours or yours in the future
2. 40We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of Nasdaq and, as a result, qualify for, and rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements
3. 41Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents and Delaware law might discourage or delay acquisition attempts for us that you might consider favorable
4. 42Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that Refinitiv and its affiliates, and any of their respective direct or indirect transferees and any group as to which such persons are a party, do not constitute “interested stockholders” for purposes of this provision
5. 43Our principal asset is our equity interest in TWM LLC, and, accordingly, we depend on distributions from TWM LLC to pay our taxes and expenses, including payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement
6. 44The Tax Receivable Agreement with the Continuing LLC Owners requires us to make cash payments to them in respect of certain tax benefits to which we may become entitled, and we expect that the payments we will be required to make will be substantial
7. 45Our organizational structure, including the Tax Receivable Agreement, confers certain benefits upon the Continuing LLC Owners that will not benefit Class A common stockholders or Class B common stockholders to the same extent as it will benefit the Continuing LLC Owners
8. 46In certain cases, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement to the Continuing LLC Owners may be accelerated or significantly exceed the actual benefits we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement
9. 47We will not be reimbursed for any payments made to the Continuing LLC Owners under the Tax Receivable Agreement in the event that any tax benefits are disallowed
10. 48If we are deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as a result of our ownership of TWM LLC, applicable restrictions could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business

Risks Relating to Ownership of our Class A Common Stock

1. 49Refinitiv and Continuing LLC Owners may require us to issue additional shares of our Class A common stock
2. 50The market price of our Class A common stock may be highly volatile
3. 51Sales, or the potential for sales, of a substantial number of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market could cause our stock price to drop significantly
4. 52We intend to continue to pay regular dividends on our Class A common stock and Class B common stock, but our ability to do so may be limited
5. 53The timing and amount of any share repurchases are subject to a number of uncertainties96% rewritten
6. 54On February 5, 2026, our board of directors authorized an additional share repurchase program with an indefinite term under which we may purchase up to $500 million of Class A common stock (the “2026 Share Repurchase Program”)New