Tronox Holdings (TROX) risk factors, FY2025 10-K

RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS

1. 01Market conditions, as well as global and regional economic downturns that adversely affect the demand for our end-use products, could adversely affect the results of our operations and the prices at which we can sell our products, thus, negatively impacting our financial results33% rewritten
2. 02The price of our products, in particular, TiO2, zircon, and pig iron, have been, and in the future may be, volatile. Price declines for our products will negatively affect our financial position and results of operations39% rewritten
3. 03Our industry and the end-use markets in which we compete are highly competitive and are characterized by excessive production capacity, particularly in China. Competition and excess production capacity may adversely affect our results of operations and operating cash flows39% rewritten
4. 04An increase in the price of energy or other raw materials, or an interruption in our energy or other raw material supply, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations23% rewritten
5. 05The markets for many of our products have seasonally affected sales patterns
6. 06We are dependent on, and compete with other mining and chemical businesses for, key human resources in the countries in which we operate, and our business will suffer if we are unable to hire or deploy highly skilled employees
7. 07Given the nature of our chemical, mining and smelting operations, we face a material risk of liability, production delays and additional expenditures from industrial accidents24% rewritten
8. 08Equipment failures and deterioration of assets may lead to production curtailments, shutdowns or additional expenditures
9. 09Our results of operations and financial condition could be seriously impacted by security breaches, including cybersecurity incidents
10. 10Our ore resources and reserve estimates are based on a number of assumptions, including mining and recovery factors, future cash costs of production and ore demand and pricing. As a result, ore resources and reserve quantities actually produced may differ from current estimates
11. 11If we are unable to innovate and successfully introduce new products, or new technologies or processes reduce the demand for our products or the price at which we can sell products, our results of operations could be adversely affected
12. 12The Company may not be successful in arranging required financing and/or developing a financeable structure for its rare earth initiatives, and even if the required financing is obtained and/or a financing structure is achieved, the Company may not be successful in developing a viable rare earth supply chainNew

RISKS RELATING TO THE GLOBAL NATURE OF OUR BUSINESS

1. 13We are exposed to the risks of operating a global business
2. 14South Africa, where we have large mining assets and derive a significant portion of our revenue and profit, poses distinct operational risks which could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations25% rewritten
3. 15As an emerging market, South Africa poses a challenging array of long-term political, social and economic risks60% rewritten
4. 16Political and social instability, and unrest, and actual, or potential, armed conflicts in the Middle East region may affect the Company's results of operations and financial position
5. 17Our results of operations may be adversely affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates

RISKS RELATING TO OUR DEBT AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE

1. 18We may need additional capital in the future and may not be able to obtain it on favorable terms or at all, including as a result of downgrades in our credit ratings, which may make it difficult for us to meet our financial commitmentsNew
2. 19Our capital expenditure projects may need additional capital in the future and may not realize expected investment returns50% rewritten
3. 20We are a holding company that is dependent on cash flows from our operating subsidiaries to fund our debt obligations, capital expenditures and ongoing operations32% rewritten
4. 21The agreements and instruments governing our debt contain restrictions and limitations that could affect our ability to operate our business, as well as impact our liquidity66% rewritten

RISKS RELATING TO OUR LEGAL AND REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

1. 22Our South African mining rights are subject to onerous regulatory requirements imposed by legislation and the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy, the compliance with which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations
2. 23Our failure to comply with the anti-corruption laws of the U.S. and various international jurisdictions could negatively impact our reputation and results of operations
3. 24We are subject to many environmental, health and safety regulations
4. 25Our TiO2 products are subject to increased regulatory scrutiny, that may impede or inhibit widespread usage of TiO2 and / or diminish the Company’s ability to sustain or grow its business or may add significant costs of doing business54% rewritten
5. 26an increase to our raw material costs, (ii) increase our costs to operate and maintain our facilities including potentially causing the operation or maintenance of certain sites to be uneconomical, and (iii) increase costs to administer and manage emissions programsNew
6. 27We may be subject to litigation, the disposition of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations29% rewritten
7. 28We may be subject to claims that arise from activities prior to our emergence from bankruptcy in 2011

RISKS RELATING TO ACCOUNTING AND TAXATION

1. 29If our intangible assets or other long-lived assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant noncash charge to earnings
2. 30Our ability to use our tax attributes to offset future income may be limited
3. 31We could be subject to changes in tax rates, adoption of new tax laws or additional tax liabilities
4. 32Failure to meet some or all of our key financial and non-financial targets could negatively impact the value of our business and adversely affect our stock price

RISKS RELATING TO INVESTING IN OUR ORDINARY SHARES

1. 33Concentrated ownership of our ordinary shares by Cristal may prevent minority shareholders from influencing significant corporate decisions and may result in conflicts of interest
2. 34English law and provisions in our articles of association may have anti-takeover effects that could discourage an acquisition of us by others, even if an acquisition would be beneficial to our shareholders, and may prevent attempts by our shareholders to replace or remove our current management
3. 35Although we do not anticipate being subject to the U.K. City Code on Takeovers and Mergers, such Takeover Code may still have anti-takeover effects in the event the Takeover Panel determines that such Code is applicable to us
4. 36As a public limited company incorporated in England and Wales, certain capital structure decisions requires approval of our shareholders, which may limit our flexibility to manage our capital structure
5. 37Transfers of our ordinary shares outside The Depository Trust may be subject to stamp duty or stamp duty reserve tax in the U.K., which would increase the cost of dealing in our shares
6. 38Our articles of association provide that the courts of England and Wales have exclusive jurisdiction to determine any dispute brought by a shareholder in that shareholder's capacity as such and certain other matters
7. 39There may be difficulty in effecting service of legal process and enforcing judgments against us and our directors and management