Vulcan Materials (VMC) Q2 2026 earnings call transcript

Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the Vulcan Materials Company second quarter 2026 earnings call. My name is Beau, and I will be your conference call coordinator today. Please be reminded that today's call is being recorded and will be available for replay later today at the company's website. All lines have been placed in a listen-only mode. After the company's prepared remarks, there will be a question and answer session. Now I would like to turn the call over to your host, Mr. Mark Warren, Vice President of Investor Relations for Vulcan Materials. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you, Operator. I'm joined today by Ronnie Pruitt, Chief Executive Officer, and Mary Andrews Carlisle, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin our prepared remarks, please note that a press release and a supplemental presentation related to this call are available at our website, vulcanmaterials. com. Today's discussion may include forward-looking statements which are subject to risks and uncertainties.

Details on these risks, other legal disclaimers, and reconciliations of any non-GAAP financial measures are defined and described in our earnings release, supplemental presentation, and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. For the question and answer session, we kindly ask that you limit your participation to one question. This will help us address as many questions as possible during the time we have available.

And with that, I'll turn the call over to Ronnie.

Thanks, Mark, and thank you all for your interest in Vulcan Materials. The resiliency of our aggregates-led business and the importance of our strategic disciplines are evident in periods of inflationary pressure. I am proud of how our commercial and operating teams have navigated the first half of the year to deliver adjusted EBITDA growth And aggregate cash gross profit per ton expansion. And most importantly, they did so while keeping each other safe.

In the quarter, we generated $654 million of adjusted EBITDA, approximating the prior year despite energy headwinds of almost $40 million. Our teams executed well, earning higher prices for our products in each segment and driving operational efficiencies to help offset inflationary increases in our input costs.

Second quarter aggregates cash gross profit per ton topped $12 and was $0.14 higher than the prior year. Shipments increased 1% compared to the prior year and varied widely across geographies depending upon weather conditions. Aggregates freight adjusted selling prices moved higher both sequentially and year-over-year. On a mixed adjusted basis, average selling prices in the quarter improved 5% compared to the prior year, with improvement widespread across geographies.

Our commercial teams continue to execute our Vulcan way of selling disciplines to capture value for our products and deliver solutions for our customers. Excluding diesel, aggregates freight adjusted unit cash cost of sales increased 3% compared to the prior year. Our Vulcan way of operating disciplines were executed well to drive efficiencies and control spending, even with lower than expected volumes in many areas due to wet weather.

From coast to coast, our teams are aligned with a relentless focus to drive compounding improvements and the profitability of our existing portfolio and to win the future in aggregates.

Winning the future will also mean continuing to strategically add to our portfolio through acquisitions and greenfield projects. Both of these growth pipelines remain active, including numerous acquisition opportunities likely to be finalized this year. The strength of our balance sheet gives us the financial flexibility to pursue those opportunities that will drive the most value for our shareholders. During the second quarter, we completed several strategic portfolio actions. We finalized the divestitures of our concrete operations in California and our non-core operations in the U. S. Virgin Islands, generating cash proceeds that can be redeployed to strategically grow our aggregate's business. A clear example was our acquisition of an aggregate operation from Brandon Sand and Gravel in early June.

This acquisition expanded our reach into southern Colorado and strengthened our distribution network in Dallas-Fort Worth. Our team is already hard at work capturing synergies and driving value from this strategic acquisition.

In terms of the demand environment, what I see ahead of us is similar to what the views that I shared on the last call. We still expect strong public activity in our markets and improving private large project opportunities to drive year-over-year shipments growth in 2026.

Trailing 12-month highway awards in Vulcan markets remain up double digits from a year ago, far outpacing non-Vulcan markets. The same is true for public infrastructure awards, which are up 20% year-over-year in Vulcan markets, yet down in other markets.

The amount of work in the pipeline bodes well for public shipments for the next several years, providing good demand visibility, which is important for a healthy pricing environment. With the August recess upon us, as expected, there will likely be a continuing resolution to fund federal highway spending while Congress completes this work. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee passed its Build America 250 Act with overwhelming bipartisan support in late May.

The bill enhanced the focus on aggregate-intensive construction and shifted to a Formula First distribution approach compared to the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, both changes benefiting Vulcan. While the final text and timing remain uncertain, we anticipate a smooth transition between funding programs given the significant amount of IIJ funds that are yet to be spent.

On the private side, large project opportunities continue to drive non-residential activity, particularly data centers. Our footprint is well aligned with data center activity in addition to power infrastructure expansion, recently announced LNG projects, and other manufacturing opportunities. Our scale, quality, and customer service make us a supplier of choice for these large, complex projects.

Residential construction continues to struggle due to the ongoing lack of affordability. Longer term, there remains a fundamental need for additional housing, and our footprint is well positioned to benefit from an eventual recovery. With a continued expectation of modest growth in aggregate shipments in 2026, a healthy pricing environment, and a solid year-to-date execution from our operating teams, we reiterate our full-year adjusted EBITDA guidance range of $2.4 to $2.6 billion.

Now I'll turn the call over to Mary Andrews to provide some additional commentary on our second quarter performance before we take your questions.

Thanks, Ronnie, and good morning. The strong cash generation of our business, coupled with the recent proceeds from divestitures Ronnie commented on earlier, have the balance sheet extremely well positioned for us to continue to pursue our disciplined and balanced capital allocation strategy, Reinvesting in our business, growing our franchise through strategic acquisitions, and returning capital to shareholders through both dividends and share repurchases.

Through the first six months of this year, we have invested $370 million in maintenance and growth capital projects, $75 million in a strategic aggregate acquisition, and returned over half a billion dollars to shareholders, including $400 million of share repurchases. We continue to expect between $750 and $800 million of capital expenditures for the full year. During the second quarter, we used cash on hand to pay down our outstanding commercial paper balances of approximately $200 million and maintained approximately $300 million of cash at quarter end. At June 30, net debt to adjusted EBITDA leverage stood at 1.7 times, providing plenty of capacity to support an active acquisition pipeline.

We are focused on improving our return on invested capital as we continue to compound profitability in our existing business and make disciplined capital allocation decisions. Our trailing 12-month return on invested capital improved 20 basis points from a year ago to 16.1% at quarter end. SAG expenses in the first six months were 2% lower than the prior year. Trailing 12-month expenses of $558 million were 6.9% of revenue, 30 basis points lower than the prior year period. We continue to closely manage our overhead costs. As Ronnie said, we are pleased with the first half execution and results that our teams delivered and are reaffirming our full-year adjusted EBITDA outlook. Now, before we take your questions, I'll pass back to Ronnie to provide an update on Vulcan's arbitration against Mexico.

Thanks, Mary Andrews. As previously disclosed, Vulcan pursued an arbitration against Mexico under the North American Free Trade Agreement, commonly referred to as NAFTA. We received the award on Monday. All three members of the tribunal found that Mexico's actions were arbitrary, grossly unfair, and unjust. All three members of the tribunal also found that numerous actions taken by Mexico clearly violated NAFTA, including those related to the claims associated with the large majority of damages.

However, the two members of the tribunal who wrote the majority opinion awarded us only immaterial damages. The third member dissented, disagreeing with the low damages award. As we look ahead, we remain focused on driving improved profitability in our business, and I would like to thank the men and women of Vulcan Materials for a great performance during the quarter, controlling our costs, and expanding our cash gross profit per ton while keeping each other safe. Now, Mary Andrews and I will be happy to take your questions.

Yes, thank you. Good morning, Anthony. I would say, first of all, demand is tracking as we expected. We are an outdoor sport, so we are always going to have some weather disruptions, but I would say overall, tracking is expected. As we entered the year, we had healthy backlogs, and as we sit here today, we have healthy backlogs, and our quoting activity continues to remain very robust. On the positive side trends across public infrastructure public highways data centers and other forms of manufacturing are all good And we also seen a pickup in LNG projects along with energy generation and power infrastructure expansion which is really being driven by the data centers Conversely, we continue to see single-family and residential growth remain weak.

But other parts of light non-res, you know, they're going to follow rooftops, And so that's another area that as we see single families start to recover, I think light non-res will follow. But I will also remind you of our advantage footprint. I mean, where we're at, and that matters. And when we start seeing single family recovery, I like our footprint, and I think we're in a really good position to capture that.

Hey, Tyler.

Yeah, Tyler, thank you. I'll address the first part, and then I'll give it to Mary Andrews to talk about some of the numbers. But as I look at our Q2 performance, it was really good, and I would say it was better than a lot of expectations. We dampened the impact of a $26 million diesel headwind, and we really did that through our Volcan Wave operating disciplines. I mean, when I look at our production efficiencies that we continue to focus on with VWO, as well as our labor scheduling and how we continue to focus on how we're going to get the most out of that, and really in the backdrop of wet weather that does impact our cost as well.

So I'm very pleased with where we're at, and I think VWO continues to be something that is evident in our results, and the productivity of that. For the rest of the year, I think there's other levers that we'll continue to look at as far as oil continues to be inflated. So we're going to continue to really think about our operating efficiencies and how we drive that through our process intelligence and labor efficiencies. But also there's levers we can pull with our stripping, and so we're focused on things that are heavily consuming of diesel, So stripping is one of those. We'll continue to focus on that. Also leverage our liquid asphalt storage that we've had. We've got one in Southern California.

We recently closed on another one in Northern California. And that's another way for us on the downstream business to fight some of those headwinds of volatility and cost.

Yeah, and Tyler, just, you know, to add to what Ronnie covered on some of the levers that we have in the second half, you know, another dynamic in the second half is how unusual the second half of last year was from a cost standpoint, particularly the fourth quarter. We faced, you know, unusually concentrated repair costs and higher insurance costs last year that we don't expect to repeat this year. So those, you know, anomalies and, you know, some benefit of seasonally higher tonnage in the second half compared to the first, you know, are also things that should drive both a much improved year-over-year performance and, you know, an improved absolute cost performance in the back half.

Even, you know, as Ronnie said, even as those diesel prices, you know, remain sticky, you know, likely and right now at levels, you know, still similar to the second quarter. And one other thing I'd mention is since we're talking about cost is, you know, our year-to-date SAG expense, which we've maintained at levels lower than last year. You know, in fact, I would expect full-year SAG expenses, you know, to probably be $10 million to $15 million lower now than the initial range we provided of $580 million to $590 million back in February.

So, overall, you know, we are pleased with the cost execution in the first half and, you know, confident in a solid performance in the second half as well.

Thanks, Tyler.

Yeah, Trey, thanks. I'll take the second part first, and then I'll talk about mid-years second. So with regards to Mexico, you know, really what I said in my prepared remarks, I'll reiterate from a standpoint of the decision was disconcerting to us. You know, all three arbitrators agreed that Mexico had clearly violated NAFTA, yet they awarded immaterial damages. And so that's really all I'm going to say about that. What I will also say, though, is that, look, we've continued to move forward with running our business. And even since the illegal taking of Calica back in 2022, we've successfully continued to supply the Gulf Coast and really meet the needs of our customers in a very dynamic market.

And I would say, you know, overall, even I was growing more than 50 percent over those four years. And so we've done things to continue to grow the company. I'm very pleased with the efforts that our people have given for that. When I look at the Gulf Coast today, it's still a very dynamic area, and it's still going to be challenged on how material gets to the Gulf Coast. And so we've still got the best distribution network along the Gulf Coast, and we're going to continue to serve that through different forms and fashions. And so we remain very well positioned to supply our customers there. And remember, we still own the land, and we still own the land around the port, which are two very valuable things when it comes to Mexico.

With regards to your second part, or your first part, really, your pricing question, when I look at mid-years, I would say they went as expected. And when I really compare them year over year, and so that's, you know, we do a lot of comparisons.

Sequentially, I mean, we're almost two times better than we were last year. And so we intentionally pulled mid-years forward. We pulled those forward to June. And I think we've had success in that that shows in our mix adjusted, as we sit today, of 5% on our pricing. I would tell you our biggest lever to overcome fuel continues to be price. And so what you will continue to see from us is discipline around that. And I'm confident in our commercial team, our execution on bulk way of selling, that we will continue to use price as our biggest lever. So if we continue to see fuel being as sticky as it is, I think you'll see us continue to be very aggressive in moving price throughout the remainder of the year.

Thanks, Rick.

Yeah, I would tell you that as we sit today, you know, backlogs look very similar as they did as we entered the year. And a lot of that is the puts and takes of where weather happens, geography matters, and so where those weather patterns. We had probably abnormal weather in Texas and a little bit of abnormal weather in the southeast. As we sit here in July, I would tell you we've continued to see strange weather patterns, but shipments are continuing kind of as expected. There's a lot of puts and takes around that, and where it's raining at, maybe dry somewhere else. And so that's why we continue to look at the mix adjustment of the geography impact, because all markets are not the same.

As I look forward in thinking about the dynamics of where we're at with the end uses, I mean, I look at some of our starts momentum. And referring to Dodge Awards, on the highway side, I mean, North Georgia on a trailing 12 is up 189%. I mean, those are, now these are large dollar projects, and we can give you some specifics of those projects, but a lot of this is the 400 toll roads and some of this public-private partnership and other ways of looking at things that are funding mechanisms outside of the federal program. Total infrastructure in the Gulf Coast is up 360% over the last 12 months. So a lot of public, that's where we get our confidence in public.

On the private side, continues to be really driven by data centers, but we are seeing some other manufacturing things, and I would tell you that I think the power side of power generation and power infrastructure is going to continue to be a tailwind as we move throughout the data center build out, and those are projects that are being reflected both in our quoting activity as well as some booking activity. We also talked about some LNG projects. We've seen that along the coast as well. And so those are different types of projects that we've seen in the past. Those have been relifted. And really the only part that we see continue to be on the negative side is single family.

And so I believe that with the two legs of our stool, we continue to be confident in a year of growth. And if the other leg of the stool would kick in, I think, again, our footprint is a really dynamic footprint, Very advantaged, and we would get the benefit of that.

Yeah, I mean, I would tell you we're seeing a couple of green shoots in very specific markets, but overall warehousing continues to be overall flat. I mean, we're not seeing any green shoots in warehouses from an overall perspective, but I do think it's one that as we see that kind of recovery as well, again, our footprint is very advantaged on that as well.

Yeah, thank you. Great question. I would tell you, we see them every day, and it is going to be more of that consistent approach, Even though you think about the way these bookings come into us and the influence they can have on our backlog, when you actually go to put the work in place, it's still a customer out there that's taking the material, putting it down on a public job or on a private job, and it still takes their scheduling and their tools to do that. And so in the end you not going to see these big massive swings because a bigger job starts one place and you always wrapping one up and you starting another one And so we love slow and steady I mean especially with the compounding interest of the nature of our business and how we focused on growing our cash gross profit per ton And so I would tell you our backlog shapes up as we see it today.

It's very predictable. And I would tell you slow and steady for us is what we would want to continue to see.

Yeah, so Keith, for pricing cadence, I think it's playing out exactly like we saw at the beginning of the year, which would mean the lower end of the range in the first half, and we'll be exiting at the upper end in the back half. And that is really reported and mixed-adjusted. It will just depend on what those comps look like. But I would tell you that compared to our pricing plans coming into the year, we are executing just as we expected, playing out like we thought.

I think the volume was the opposite. We were at the higher end of the first half, and I think it will continue to be consistent in the second half. Obviously, weather is always a factor in the fourth quarter, but I would say that we look at it today, and we think to hit our range that we said, it really is kind of continuing the shipping paces that we've seen throughout the second quarter, and the second half would be similar to that.

Thanks, Keith.

Yeah, you're absolutely right, Catherine. Thank you. I would tell you it's a lot of different forms. And so we've still got a combination of renewables, so we're still seeing solar work. We bid several solar manufacturing ones. And then we're seeing, I think the first phase of this, we're seeing, like, we have four projects that are converting coal-fired power plants back to natural gas.

We're seeing Georgia Power, Alabama Power be very active in those kind of projects. Obviously, in Texas, you know, we're seeing a lot of growth there. But we're also seeing this combination of, you know, some of the dollars you see tied up with these data centers is because they include power. And so it's hard when you look at the data center numbers when you talk about dollars, and then you start kind of stripping that out. Well, what is that? Is the real data center itself and what part of that is power? But I would tell you a lot of these are now, to get them approved, they're coming with full power supply to the data center.

So we're seeing a mix of that. I would say overall, when we look at our quoting activity in the category of power generation, we're just seeing a lot more quoting activity. Now, I'm not going to tell you it's going to go as fast as data centers because you and I both know that approval process is going to look a little different.

And so we just see it as another form of healthy, forward-looking demand of our products. And again, I mean, we like slow and steady, and we like our ability to continue to compound our cash gross profit over the future. So I just see this as another area of future aggregate demand that's going to be needed, and it's very aggregate intensive.

Yeah, I think we'll be giving you a lot more color of that by our next call. I mean, look, as we went into the mid-years, we pulled them forward anticipating what OLE was doing to us at the time. At that time, we were also anticipating that this was going to be short-lived. As we see it continue to drag on, I mean, that's where we've told you in the past, and we'll continue to be very disciplined around, price is our biggest lever when it comes to overcoming headwinds like this and inflationary pressures.

And so what I'm saying is that continues to be our strongest lever. And we're evaluating that as we speak. And, you know, we will continue to protect our margins, and we have to. I mean, that's what these inflationary things are hitting us. They're hitting our customers. They're hitting everyone. So it's not like there's one side of the supply chain that's isolated in that. And so our expectations would be that we continue to be very disciplined around our pricing approach. And so I would tell you more color on that as we work through the year. But it's a very fluid situation with, you know, what we see oil prices doing. And they just became more sticky than, you know, three months ago we thought it would be a little less sticky than this, and they haven't been.

And so we're going to continue to look at that. But, again, that's our biggest lever. So we'll continue to exercise our ability to protect the margins that we have.

Yeah, I would say, you know, in my prepared remarks, I said we have a healthy pipeline, and we will most likely see some of those transactions close in the second half of the year. But those transactions for us are going to continue to be very, very aggregate discipline. I mean, look, we're good at what we do. We're good at aggregates. We're going to be the most pure-play aggregate company when all these other deals that are announced in the market gets done, and so we like what we do. And so what you will see out of us is very much a disciplined approach to continuing to do what we're good at, and that's producing and driving value for our shareholders based on the aggregate business.

And so nothing we do or nothing we have in the pipeline or anything you see us announce in the future will be of any surprise.

Yeah, Rohit. I would tell you as we look at the Build America 250, and two things there, really, when we look at the aggregate intensity of the projects that we believe will happen because of going back to a matching program instead of the grants program, and that's one that we believe when you go back to the old formulas that we've experienced in the past, You're really going to rely on getting money to states where the miles are, which is where Vulcan's footprint is. And so that's why we continue to say that's going to be better agri-intensive for us, as well as the bridge program.

And so as you unwind kind of the headline number, and remember with IJA, there was a lot of other stuff in it. There was a lot of green projects, a lot of buses and other things that had no agri-consumption whatsoever. It was a great headline number, but when you unpacked it all, we really focused on what was moving the needle with aggregates. You really talk about highway, those infrastructure projects, and then you layer in the bridge side. So as we look at it today with what came out of the House version of it, we're pleased with that, and I think the Senate will take that on.

And as I said, we're most likely going to get a continuing resolution. We're fine with that. We think we're in a good place with the House version of it, more pleased with, and we think the Senate has the ability to add more to that. But it's going to be more accurate and intense, which is good for us.

I think when you wind back to what was truly focused on highway, infrastructure, and bridges, yes.

Yeah, I would say as we exit the year, we talked about that on our last call. Look, when we came into the year, we said costs were going to be higher on the front end and price was going to be slower to develop. And we would exit the year with price being higher and cost being lower, which is what's in our guidance, and you can see that. I would tell you that, you know, when we look at our guidance, I mean, all of it's in. I mean, when we think about what's happening in the mid-years, we think about where we're at in all the markets, I mean, that's what our best view of it is today.

And again, what's not in it is if we decide to pull things forward and try to move the price again for the remainder of the year. That's not in there. But as we sit today with the success we had in mid-years and where we see things as we sit today, that is in our numbers. I mean, that's where we're saying that four to six, and we say we'll exit the year at the higher end of that range of the four to six. And so the pricing will continue to accelerate throughout the year, and costs will continue to decelerate.

Yeah, and in terms of, you know, margin, Ivan, obviously the second quarter was pressured with the higher energy, and we do expect, you know, those inflationary energy headwinds to continue in the second half. But I think for the second half, we should see some expansion in gross margin year over year, driven largely by the fourth quarter.

Hey, Michael.

Yeah, let me talk about kind of the past first, and then we'll talk about the present. When I think about the acquisitions that we did over the last two years, and really referring to Superior as well as Wake, in Superior, look, we've executed exactly what we said. We said we're going to go buy this business. We're going to evaluate the downstream. We wanted it for its aggregates. We were able to execute that. We were able to spin off and redeploy the downstream assets to a very good company.

And California, Portland, will be a very good customer of ours long term. But in the end, we were able to do exactly what we said. We're going to buy the business for the aggregates we wanted. I would tell you in the market there, and that market, there wasn't as many separation between where a Vulcan price market would have been and where Superior was. But there was some, and we've been able to focus on getting those operations up to more like a Vulcan standard market when it comes to pricing. And I'm very pleased with the execution of our California team. And it's not easy when you buy these companies to integrate them and then spin things off.

And our California team really stepped up and performed well through all of this time and uncertainty of getting that thing done. When it comes to Wake, I'm extremely pleased with where we're at. I would tell you, we said going into, you know, when we closed on Wake, that it was significantly below the Vulcan standard when it came to what we felt like the value of those products should be.

And that team and, you know, instituting our Vulcan web selling and the disciplines around that, and really the ownership of that local team as well, has really performed well. And I would tell you, we said it was going to take a couple years, and I would tell you we're right on schedule. I mean, I'm very pleased with where we're at. The acquisition is doing exactly what we thought it would. And so as we look forward, I mean, that's the things that we're going to be really good at. We're going to continue to focus on those kind of businesses that are aggrove-led, the things we can institute Vulcan Web selling, institute Vulcan Web operating, and continue to drive margin improvement.

And Brandon was, you know, Brandon was an opportunity for us. When you look at Brandon, it's a small one. It's an entrance into Colorado, yes. About half of the volume out of that, you know, let's roughly say about a million to a million and a half tons of annual production out of Brandon. About half of that stays locally. It's on the south side of Denver, so it does reach into the southern Denver market. But the other half comes to DFW in Dallas-Fort Worth. And, you know, the rail facility that we acquired there, you know, if you were leaving Fort Worth driving west, the rail facility is just on the west side of Fort Worth, and then you would hit our Weatherford quarry.

And so very complementary to our market strategy there. Again, dealing with selling to the same customers that we're already familiar with, that are familiar with Vulcan and our strategy and what we're going to do. So I'd say Brandon is a small, it's pretty much a bolt-on, but it also gives us some access to a new market. And I would say the things that I talk about in the future, you know, those are the things that we're going to continue to focus on. The ones that we can do, the ones that are very agri-intensive, the ones that are easy for us to integrate, and the ones that we can continue to institute Volcan Wave operating and Volcan Wave selling disciplines in and drive margin improvement.

So I'm very pleased with where we're at.

Yeah, I would tell you, look, I mean, at the end of the day, inflationary pressures, whether they're diesel or whether there are other factors involved in it, no one's immune to that. And so everybody feels it, and that includes our downstream customers feel it. And so everyone feels it, and I would tell you the reactions and the disciplines and all those things have been as expected. I mean, I would, you know, everyone's in this for the long term, even though we're measured in very short-term increments of quarter to quarter.

I mean, we still have to focus on this business long term, and I would tell you we're in a great position to continue to execute on what we do with Volcan Web Selling and Volcan Web Operating. And I think our competitors feel the same pressures that we do. And so in the end, no one is immune to diesel. Everyone has to use it, and it's just part of the production process and everything we touch. And so I would tell you, when things like that happen, everybody feels it. Will everybody react the same? I don't know. But in the end, I think we're in a very disciplined market, and I like the position we're in.

Thank you. You may win in non-res business. How do people respond to that condition? Yeah, I mean, look, this is not abnormal for us to go through a continuing resolution. We've had lots of them in the past, and we'll have probably lots of them in the future, and that's just kind of the way that the D. C. model and getting things through the House and the Senate work.

I would say we don't see it as any change. Look, the continuing resolution continues to spin at current levels. You got a lot of carryover with IJA, and I think that's going to be the unique thing about the transition of this bill. Historically, we haven't had that much carryover between bill to bill, and so we still, when we talk about the 60 percent of funds that are still going to be spent as the carryover, so you got that. You got really healthy state budgets as well, and so remember, federal spending is only a third of the way we look at public funding, and so I think we're in a good position. But, I mean, look, we want slow and steady growth.

And we've said through all of IJA, everyone was waiting on, well, when's that big step change coming? It wasn't going to happen. I mean, it's going to be slow and steady because that's the way work gets performed. That's the way the states let it. That's the way the contractors look at it. And that's the way they actually perform the work. And so I look at it, I don't see any disruption as far as the public side. I think we're going to continue to be slow and steady. I think public will continue to be in growth mode. I think we've got healthy states. I think we've got healthy local measures. I think we've got other ways of funding projects as well.

And so I don't see any disruption of, is it going to change the way you look at private non-res and large projects and all that? No, I don't believe so. We've got good visibility, and we continue to rely on public being very steady.

No, it does not.

You know, I would tell you, you know, we're definitely headed straight towards a continuing resolution, And then time will tell whether that's before midterms or not. I wouldn't get caught up in it because at the end, I think a continuing resolution, we've had them where they've lasted a year. We've had them where they've lasted longer than a year. In the end, we've got a healthy level of spending. And remember, a continuing resolution continues that healthy level of spending. And so I don't want to try to predict that. I mean, if you can predict anything in D. C. today, good luck. So in the end, let's just focus on we've got methods in place to continue public funding at a very healthy spot, and we're pleased with that.

Yeah, I mean, it's hard to predict today. It represents a very low percentage because if you think about power generation in the country, it's been a very slow growth area because of the way that they have to plan capital, the way they have to get their approvals. We haven't seen power generation being a tailwind for a long time. And so I think you look at it in terms of, you know, the next four to five years and not, you know, not the next year because it's not going to be a short-term blip. I mean, these are things that take a lot of planning, a lot of regulatory.

Each individual state has its own ways that they're going to have to address that. And so I would look at it as another form of aggregate consumption long-term that's going to build in consistency in aggregate supply. But I wouldn't get ahead of it saying it's going to look similar to data centers because it just can't move that fast.

Thank you, Bo. And thank you all for joining our call today. Our first half results demonstrate the resiliency of our uniquely advantaged pure play aggregates business. I am confident that we have the right strategy and the right people to execute that strategy to create long-term value for our shareholders. We look forward to speaking with you next quarter. Thank you.