Alcoa (AA) Q2 2024 earnings call transcript

James Dwyer Thank you, and good day everyone. I’m joined today by William Oplinger, Alcoa Corporation President and Chief Executive Officer, and Molly Beerman, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. We will take your questions after comments by Bill and Molly. As a reminder, today's discussion will contain forward-looking statements relating to future events and expectations that are subject to various assumptions and caveats. Factors that may cause the company's actual results to differ materially from these statements are included in today's presentation and in our SEC filings. In addition, we have included some non-GAAP financial measures in this presentation. For historical non-GAAP financial measures, reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures can be found in the appendix to today’s presentation.

We have not presented quantitative reconciliations of certain forward-looking non-GAAP financial measures for reasons noted on this slide. Any reference in our discussion today to EBITDA means Adjusted EBITDA. Finally, as previously announced, the earnings press release and slide presentation are available on our website.

With that, here’s Bill.

William Oplinger Thanks, Jim, and welcome everyone, to our second quarter 2024 earnings conference call. Before we get to all the good work we have done in the quarter… I am pleased to say that we are nearing completion of the Alumina Limited acquisition. We held the Alcoa stockholder meeting yesterday, and Alcoa stockholders have voted overwhelmingly to approve issuing Alcoa shares for the transaction. The Alumina Limited shareholder meeting occurs in a few hours and we expect a favorable result there, as well, which would lead to an expected transaction closing date of August first. As you have heard me say before, we believe that this transaction is the right deal for both sets of shareholders, and we look forward to realizing its benefits and welcoming Alumina Limited shareholders into Alcoa.

Now let’s move to the quarter… Alcoa Corporation Wednesday, July 17, 2024, 5:00 PM Eastern First, I am pleased that our safety programs continue to drive the right behaviors and are being reflected in both leading and lagging indicators. Safety is the linchpin of our “care for people” value and the bedrock upon which we build operational excellence.

Second, our profitability improvement programs are delivering results and remain on track. Third, operational stability is evidenced by smelter production records at the Canadian system and Mosjøen, a safe and timely curtailment of Kwinana, and steadily improving stability at the Alumar smelter. In addition, we continue to work toward the best possible resolution at San Ciprián, as we strive to find competitive energy solutions and also progress the potential sale process.

Finally, while we have been actively working on many fronts to improve the Company, favorable alumina and aluminum markets have also helped improve our profitability and cash flows… with that, I will turn it over to Molly, who has the details… Molly Beerman Thank you, Bill.

Revenue was up sequentially to $2.9 billion on higher alumina and aluminum prices. In the Alumina segment, third-party revenue increased 5 percent due to the higher average realized third-party price, partially offset by lower shipments. In the Aluminum segment, third-party revenue increased 16% on higher average realized third-party price and increased shipments. Second quarter net income attributable to Alcoa was $20 million versus the loss in the prior quarter of $252 million, with earnings per share improving by $1.52 to $0.11 per share. On an adjusted basis, the net earnings attributable to Alcoa was $30 million, or $0.16 per share. Adjusted EBITDA increased $193 million to $325 million. Let’s look at the key drivers of EBITDA… The second quarter Adjusted EBITDA increase was primarily due to higher average realized third party prices for alumina and aluminum, partially offset by lower volume and other costs.

The Alumina segment increased $47 million, primarily as higher alumina prices more than offset higher energy and production costs. The Aluminum segment increased $183 million, primarily due to higher metal prices, partially offset by higher alumina costs. Raw material and production cost improvements more than offset volume impacts related to shipments from our restarted Warrick and Alumar smelters. Alcoa Corporation Wednesday, July 17, 2024, 5:00 PM Eastern Outside the segments, other corporate cost increased primarily due to various labor related expenses. Intersegment eliminations were unfavorable in the quarter which is expected as the higher average alumina price increase requires more profit elimination. Let’s look at cash movements within the second quarter on the next slide… Year to date through June, capital expenditures and working capital changes were our largest uses of cash.

The first half of 2024 capital expenditures includes an investment of $38 million which is a portion of our commitment to purchase two vessels to provide bauxite transportation in Brazil; two additional vessels will be leased. We have an opportunity for significant reductions in bauxite freight cost between our Juruti mine and Alumar refinery. We estimate savings to be $14 to $16 per tonne of alumina. The first vessel arrived in Brazil this week with an additional three ships to be received later this year. We hired a contract operator with considerable expertise in the region to manage the technical operations on our behalf. Through the first 6 months of 2024, working capital is a use of cash. While we normally start to reduce working capital after the first quarter, higher alumina and aluminum prices in the second quarter raised accounts receivable more than the decrease in inventories leaving the working capital balances close to flat between quarters.

We still expect to continue to reduce the working capital balance throughout the remainder of the year. Moving on to other key financial metrics… While improving, the year to date return on equity was negative 5.8%. Days working capital decreased 6 days to 41 days sequentially, primarily due to a decrease in inventory days, partially offset by a decrease in accounts payable days, both on higher sales in the second quarter and favorable changes in the balances. Our second quarter dividend added $18 million to stockholder capital returns. Free cash flow less net noncontrolling interest distributions was positive for the quarter at $101 million, improving sequentially by $370 million. The cash balance was maintained at $1.4 billion. In connection with the Alumina Limited acquisition, Alcoa will assume approximately $390 million of the debt drawn on their revolver.

We are looking at de-levering options and expect to reduce debt levels as we continue to focus on maintaining a strong balance sheet and improving operations. Alcoa Corporation Wednesday, July 17, 2024, 5:00 PM Eastern On the outlook for the third quarter… Other corporate cost is changing from approximately $120 million to approximately $140 million due to the previously mentioned additional labor related expenses. Interest expense is changing from approximately $145 million to approximately $160 million related to the Alumina Limited debt assumed at acquisition closing. Return seeking capital is changing from approximately $90 million to approximately $110 million as we are considering several return seeking projects with attractive rates of return, primarily enhancements to our value add product capabilities and small creep projects.

Regarding sequential changes for the third quarter: • In the Alumina segment, we expect unfavorable impacts of approximately $10 million related to Australia bauxite grade. • In the Aluminum segment, we expect favorable raw material prices of approximately $10 million. • While the higher price of alumina will increase overall Alcoa Adjusted EBITDA, alumina costs in the Aluminum segment are expected to be unfavorable by $60 million. Below EBITDA, we expect third quarter Interest expense to increase by $5 million. Based on last week’s pricing, we expect third quarter 2024 operational tax expense to approximate $60 to $70 million. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest will be reported through acquisition closing and is expected to approximate $20 million. In relation to our expected closing of the Alumina Limited acquisition on August 1, you will see certain changes to our financial statements.

In the appendix, we have included June 30 financials with notations on the changes to be made in the third quarter. As expected, the income statement will no longer reflect the portion of net income attributable to non- controlling interest, and the balance sheet will reflect the debt assumed, and collapse the non-controlling interest equity into additional capital.

On the cash flow statement, the distributions to non-controlling interest will end. Please see the appendix for additional details. Now I’ll turn it back to Bill.

William Oplinger Thanks, Molly. Let’s start with the markets… In alumina, prices are up versus the first quarter, supply is currently tight, and there is a limited supply of low carbon projects in the pipeline. Alcoa Corporation Wednesday, July 17, 2024, 5:00 PM Eastern The alumina price surged in the second quarter driven by several supply- side disruptions and continued strong demand from smelters. Supply issues occurred in both China and the rest of the world. Chinese refineries curtailed capacity due to shortages of domestic bauxite amid continued environmental and safety inspections. In response, the volume and price of seaborne bauxite imports into China has increased this year. Outside of China, supply issues due to the Queensland force majeure in eastern Australia, reduced Indian alumina exports, and the Kwinana curtailment in western Australia reduced supply.

Demand increased as seasonally curtailed capacity in Yunnan province in China restarted, as well as some capacity in Europe that is still ramping up. All these factors contributed to making the spot market tight. In the longer term, we expect the demand for alumina to continue to grow in line with primary aluminum supply growth. However, there are supply challenges from both bauxite supply and refinery carbon footprint. Refining in China is likely to become more expensive over time. Chinese refineries are expected to increasingly rely on seaborne bauxite as their domestic resources deplete. In addition, a new policy was put in place this year to add energy efficiency standards for new domestic refineries, requiring additional investment and time to ensure they meet the standards.

Another potential supply challenge is the carbon footprint of the refinery projects in the pipeline. For primary aluminum to be truly low carbon, it needs to be low carbon from mine-to-metal. We offer our low carbon EcoLum primary aluminum, which is produced with less than four tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents per tonne of aluminum produced (including Scope 1 and 2 emissions from mining, refining, smelting, and casting), and the world’s only low carbon alumina brand, EcoSource, which has a carbon footprint under 0.6 tonnes of CO2e per tonne of alumina (including Scope 1 and 2 emissions from mining and refining). However, when considering likely alumina refinery projects, there are few low carbon alumina projects in the global pipeline and none that we expect to come online before 2030.

Let’s move to the aluminum market… In aluminum, prices have moved higher versus the first quarter, reflecting current market dynamics. On the supply side, there are limited new smelting projects in the near term, and China continues to hold to its 45 million tonne annualized capacity cap. Some Chinese smelters have relocated to different provinces within China to fully utilize their capacity quotas. And as a direct result of the cap, some Chinese affiliated smelter projects have advanced outside of China, in Indonesia and Angola. Alcoa Corporation Wednesday, July 17, 2024, 5:00 PM Eastern While supply growth has remained limited, global demand continues to increase year-on-year; this has kept global inventories at historically low levels. Digging deeper on demand: this year, several trade defense actions in North America and Europe have been implemented, which are likely to support demand in those regions.

Overall, there is a strong recovery in the packaging segment. Electrical and transportation remain solid, too, even though growth in the automotive segment has slowed in recent months, particularly in Europe. Building and construction remains the most challenged sector. However, the start of interest rate cutting in Europe and anticipated rate cuts in the U. S. later this year could provide uplift for this sector. On the pricing side, regional premiums in the second quarter were up sequentially across North America, Europe and Asia, likely driven by a combination of the U. S. and U. K. sanctions against Russian metal in April and continued supply chain disruptions in the Red Sea. On the green aluminum front: We are excited to note that there are now low carbon aluminum premium pricing indices available in Europe, North America and Asia, representing 90% of all aluminum demand outside of China.

As a leading supplier of low carbon aluminum, we believe these premiums support our view that the demand for low carbon products is rising. In the longer-term, we see a bright future for aluminum. We remain convinced of a healthy long-term demand picture, with growth driven by society’s transition towards a low-carbon future. Demand for low-carbon primary aluminum should grow steadily as aluminum users focus on meeting their decarbonization targets and minimizing their exposure to carbon emissions-based import duties. While both overall and low carbon aluminum demand are expected to grow, there is a short list of likely smelting projects coming online in the next five to ten years, with less than 25% of the projects in the next five years using renewable power.

So, in summary, both the alumina and aluminum markets are showing strength, and our long term outlook remains positive. Let’s move to Alcoa-specific topics, including our current operating performance and an exciting announcement for future operations related to Elysis… Whenever I visit our operating locations, we discuss three things: safety, stability, and continuous improvement. Alcoa Corporation Wednesday, July 17, 2024, 5:00 PM Eastern Safety is a core Alcoa value. It is an indicator of process stability, and a perfect place to focus on continuous improvement. We continue to evolve our safety programs, and we judge performance based on leading indicators, such as the roughly 8,300 critical control field verifications that we perform every month. Evidence of our improvement is also clear in our lagging safety indicators, such as the DART and Total Recordables rates, which are both improving substantially year on year.

It's no coincidence, then, that many of our plants are setting production records. Our Canadian smelting system set a half year production record, and the Mosjøen smelter in Norway set both a quarterly and half year production record. In fact, Alcoa’s total aluminum production has increased for seven straight quarters, starting in the fourth quarter of 2022. That’s a sign of both stability and continuous improvement.

Turning to a longer term project, we recently announced further progress on the Elysis technology program. Our Elysis partner will build 10 production cells in Quebec using Elysis technology. Alcoa will have offtake rights for up to 40% of the metal, and Alcoa will produce and supply the anodes for the demonstration cells at its technology center near Pittsburgh. Alcoa will also benefit from the technology development that occurs in the project. We are excited for this first large scale technology demonstration project to get underway, and look forward to its successful startup by 2027.

Finally, let me provide an update on two key areas of ongoing focus: our profitability improvement programs and our San Ciprián improvement and sales processes… Six months ago we provided a list of targeted actions to improve Adjusted EBITDA by approximately $645 million, by the end of 2025 compared to a 2023 baseline. To date, our year on year improvement has already met more than half the target, and just under $300 million remains to be captured over the next 18 months. A large piece of the program – almost half – was raw materials cost savings, which includes materials such as caustic, coke and pitch. Thanks to our Procurement team’s good work and favorable markets, we are ahead of our raw materials savings target; while the path is harder from here, we have already achieved three quarters of the raw materials target and expect to exceed it by yearend.

Progress is also being made on the other elements of the program. The productivity improvement program has captured $30 million in year on year savings, about a third of its target. Warrick, thanks to its successful potline restart, has captured half of its $60 million internal target, with another $30 million of its $90 million total dependent upon increased IRA funding. The Alumar smelter restart has captured a third of its target and we are pleased with its increased operational stability. Alcoa Corporation Wednesday, July 17, 2024, 5:00 PM Eastern Finally, we are starting to see financial benefit of the full curtailment of the Kwinana refinery, although the full benefits are likely to be realized in 2025. So in total, we are pleased with our progress to date on our profitability improvement programs.

The final near term improvement lever we outlined was finding a solution for San Ciprián. Our two-pronged approach has focused on improving the location’s competitiveness and on pursuing a potential sale. Both the sale process and competitiveness improvement initiative rely on finding competitive energy for both the smelter and refinery. While electricity and gas prices are lower than their recent extreme highs, they are still not back in a range that could be considered competitive. The Spanish governmental entities could be helpful on multiple fronts. On electricity costs, they could provide material CO2 compensation, and eliminate the permitting denials and delays that have precluded availability of low cost renewable power generation. Even with these challenges, we continue to work the sale process and aim to bring it to conclusion this year, but as noted earlier, a successful sale will depend on government and union support.

Summing it up… We are close to finalizing the Alumina Limited acquisition. We are excited to welcome the Alumina Limited shareholders to Alcoa, and firmly believe that this transaction will enhance Alcoa’s position as a leading pure play, upstream, global aluminum company. It will provide Alumina Limited shareholders ASX-listed global aluminum exposure and result in greater operational and financial flexibility and strategic optionality. Our safety and operational metrics are continuing to advance as we diligently progress our various improvement initiatives. We have accomplished a lot, and we are targeting even more. Recent alumina and aluminum markets have been favorable, and we believe the mid and long term outlook for the aluminum industry is bright. It’s a great time to be at Alcoa… With that, let’s start the question and answer session.

Molly Beerman Hi, Carlos, it's Molly. I will take the first question and then Bill can take the second. On the synergies with Alumina Limited, we outlined that we would have overhead savings of $12 million and that will start immediately. The other thing that we outlined is the capital allocation framework improvements that we expect to get and by being able to place debt closer to the operations that need them so that within the jurisdictions where we can have a tax advantage.

Now, that will take time and we'll move debt over a period of time, not immediately. William Oplinger On the second question, Carlos, we believe the construct of the solution that we have on this first implementation of ELYSIS is a really smart construct. And the reason being is that they're implementing the 10 ELYSIS smelting pots at 100 kA in Arvida. So, it's a good testing ground for that size of the pot. At the same time, we will be building the anodes and the cathodes at the technical center. So, it's a good balance between the two partners. I really like the solution also because we have the option of taking 40% of the offtake. And so we will have access to the lowest carbon metal in the world once this is up and running.

So, very pleased with the way we structured this deal and looking forward to the success of this first implementation.

William Oplinger Thanks, Carlos.

Molly Beerman Katja, thanks for your question. What we are indicating with the $10 million additional unfavorable cost related to the bauxite quality, we are seeing additional maintenance costs. We actually have been operating favorably in comparison to our original estimates on the bauxite quality impacts, higher caustic, higher energy, higher bauxite usage, but now, we are starting to face some maintenance. And so we are sorting the maintenance level that's going to be needed to run at the lower bauxite quality.

Molly Beerman We will give you additional guidance. Honestly, the teams are sorting that now. So between the maintenance teams and our center of excellence, they're working hard to determine what the proper spend level is.

William Oplinger Hey, Michael.

James Dwyer Hey, Mike.

William Oplinger The alumina industry today is in a fairly unique situation. We exited the second quarter in a deficit to the tune of around, globally for the industry, about a 3 million metric tonne deficit, and for the full year, we're anticipating that alumina will be in deficit. So, it's a situation that is very tight and we're seeing it around the world. The only way that deficit gets solved, obviously, is if either smelters curtail or we get ramp-ups in alumina. There's really two things that drove that deficit in the near term. One was supply issues from some of our competitors, specifically in Northern Australia and in China. So as we look forward, that market only comes back into balance if those supply issues are solved.

As far as the second question, when we bring on the Alumina shareholders and whether this has any impact on our running of our operations, you can understand at these prices, we're pushing to get every tonne out the door and trying to make sure that we gain the benefit of these higher prices. We will not have any significant operational changes associated with the acquisition since Alumina Limited was a 40% minority partner, but no operational changes there. Hope that answers your question, Michael.

Is there any impact that could alleviate the market a bit, you think? Alcoa Corporation Wednesday, July 17, 2024, 5:00 PM Eastern William Oplinger It'll depend on how long these prices persist. But clearly, at $480 a tonne, it all depends on what metal prices and forex, but it puts a lot of pressure on marginal smelters. So as I look around the world at the smelters that could be exposed to these higher prices and the pressures associated with that, it would be in Southeast Asia, and potentially, the Middle East.

William Oplinger So John, on the – I think you're right in the near-term on that question. We are seeing very tight inventories of alumina. The deficit that we saw in the second quarter of roughly 800,000 tonnes in a quarter, which for a full-year basis, is around 3 million metric tonnes, it really put a stress on inventory levels around the world. And to similar – the answer to the question similarly to what I answered with Michael, that the areas of exposure for smelters, and I should have also listed India, but it's really India, Southeast Asia and the Middle East that may be exposed to inability to get alumina. But at this point, we didn't see that in the second quarter and it will depend on how long this deficit persists and whether there's a ramp-up associated with refining capacity.

William Oplinger I think the closest that we've probably guided on that was the losses that we saw in 2023, which I will say them and then Molly will correct me, but I think it was approximately $150 million of EBITDA losses associated with the Spanish assets in 2023.

Molly Beerman That's correct.

William Oplinger Thanks.

William Oplinger Thanks, John.

William Oplinger So, no insights on 45X at this point. We've clearly had dialogue with the administration. They understand how critically important 45X is to the U. S. assets. I would reiterate, and I've reiterated it before, we're very appreciative of what they did around 45X on the first tranche, but including the second tranche would be important for the competitiveness of Massena and Warrick.

William Oplinger Yeah. As far as a repeal of IRA, I've not heard anything with this current administration. Clearly, there's been some discussion in the Trump potential administration that they may repeal IRA, but we first have to see who will win the election in November and then what actions they'll take.

William Oplinger Unfortunately, I can't give you a great answer, Timna. We are working down two work streams. The first is to try to make the plan as competitive as we can. And as you well know, competitiveness for a refinery and a smelter comes down largely to energy costs and energy solutions. So, we're going down that path. The second path that we're going down is the sale process. To give you a little color on the sale process, we had around six companies that showed an expression of interest. We narrowed that down to a subset of those companies, got a second round, and are now in the process of going through a final round with a subset of those bidders.

So, we will see whether we can come out with a successful solution on the sale process. If both those workstreams were to fail, the cash, we believe, will run out towards the end of the year. Obviously, that is dependent on what the market environment looks like and we'll have to make some pretty hard decisions. I've made it clear since the beginning of the year we're not willing to put cash into the entity. So, some real hard decisions will have to be made there.

William Oplinger Thanks, Timna.

Molly Beerman So, Alex, on the first question on our de-levering, we no longer have an externally stated net debt target. However, right now we're at $1.9 billion and that is higher than the levels that we were able to achieve in 2021 and 2022, right around $1.1 billion. So, we do expect to de-lever. It will take us some time. We've done this in the past, but we expect really to focus on getting back to the strong balance sheet and that puts us in the best position for acting on future growth options.

William Oplinger As far as San Ciprián goes, I would not rule out any options, Alex. It is difficult to sell part of the plant because the plant is connected between the two and there would need to be incremental capital put in place to operate the two independently. So, I think that makes it difficult to sell separately but as far as your second questions about potential curtailment, I hate to speculate on where we could get to, but I wouldn't rule out any options at this point.

William Oplinger Yes.

Molly Beerman Yeah, we have a number of things we're looking at. Again, we're assuming the $390 million debt in Australia. So, we have options we want to look at, placing debt there. We're also looking at options to de-lever elsewhere in our debt. What we want to do, Alex, is get a look at the cash flow through the end of the year and evaluate all our options based on the strength of the flows over the next quarter or two.

William Oplinger And if I could just add to that, when she referred to options, it's really the options of what debt to pay down, where to have debt. It's not necessarily – she wasn't signaling to you that there are options of vast asset sales. It's really looking at today's market prices and the fact that we typically take working capital down in the second half of the year, what are our options. So, she's strategically looking at the options for where do we de-lever, how do we de-lever, not necessarily the source of cash for de-levering.

William Oplinger Hey, Bennett.

William Oplinger It spans the gamut of financial and strategics and non-traditional. So, the expressions of interest were really from a variety of different types of parties. We cast a very wide net when we started this process. We wanted to make sure that we really look at every opportunity to ensure the viability of this site. So when we looked at selling the asset, I think we sent out memorandums, information memorandums to 60 – I would just say over 50, thanks, 60 or so parties and the half a dozen that produced an expression of interest were across those three areas.

And then one quick one on alumina. Wanted to get your thoughts on marginal cost support from Chinese refineries and whether this could be impacted over time given your points about potentially having to import more bauxite going forward. William Oplinger So, it's obviously a very fluid situation and my view and our latest thinking is that marginal cost, whether that's in China or outside of China, probably approximates close to $400 a tonne. Now, that will depend on where it is and what the caustic price assumption is and the currencies, but it's probably close to that.

Molly Beerman So, first, the question on – sorry, I want to say Project Condor.

William Oplinger Certainly, we call it Project Condor. It's on the vessels in Brazil.

Alcoa Corporation Wednesday, July 17, 2024, 5:00 PM Eastern Molly Beerman Yeah, so on the ship purchases in Brazil, you're right. It's just over $30 million a year in savings for that effort.

William Oplinger And before you go on to the next part of the question, I want to make sure that people understand. We're not going into the global shipping business. This was an opportunity where our cost structure was just fundamentally too high due to the market situation down in Brazil. While we tried to address that through market negotiations, we weren't able to get there and that's why we've made this strategic investment in these four vessels. I don't want our investors or sell-side analysts thinking that we are more broadly going into the shipping business. We are not. As I've described internally, this is almost like having a conveyor belt, but it just happens to be on the water, all right?

So, go ahead, Molly. Molly Beerman So, on the improvement programs, a couple more points. On the raw materials, there aren't necessarily additional actions that we have to take. We are negotiating now on the purchase prices that we're seeing now are going to deliver the year-over-year improvement. Recall, we're on those lags in inventory, so the six months in caustic and the three months on coke and pitch. So, good line of sight to realize that with the contracts that we have in place now. As far as the productivity and competitiveness program, we have already identified a list of hundreds of initiatives. They are being executed now. Internally, we're tracking that against revised budgets. Everyone across the company, all the budget managers, have lost about 6% of their budgets so they are adhering to those and so that's how we're monitoring the $100 million program there.

As far as Warrick, they hit about half of their run rate already and that's with improved cost absorption after their restart. And they do still have a series of initiatives to implement there for additional productivity. And then remember, with Warrick, we also had the $30 million of IRA funding that we're waiting word on there. On Alumar smelter, similar story to Warrick, with them increasing their production. Their cost absorption has already gotten about a third of their target, so improvement on the higher tonnes coming through. They are operating at just above 70% now. So, we believe they're on track for the full year by the end of 2025. And then Kwinana, they are obviously completely down now.

We are seeing some higher ramp down costs as well as higher initial holding costs. So, for them, they will get to the full cost reduction, but it won't be until 2025. You'll see some minimal savings coming there in the second half of 2024, but we won't hit that full run rate till 2025.

Molly Beerman So, that $60 million is not within your sensitivity. That's why we give that to you separately. So, obviously, the higher alumina price is going to benefit us overall dramatically, but then we call out for you how much of that will show up in the Aluminum segment as an additional cost.

It's really just the price sensitivity just in aluminum? Molly Beerman Just the price, correct.

Just the price. William Oplinger Just the flow-through and we only provide that for you because some people struggle with the modeling. And so it allows you to clearly understand what the alumina cost is in the Aluminum business.

James Dwyer In effect, Lucas, that's the number that would show up on the quarterly bridge in effect for this segment.

Molly Beerman Thank you.

William Oplinger Thank you. Just a couple of closing remarks. As you can see from the results, we made a lot of progress in the quarter. We improved both the safety and the operations across the company. We're about to close on the Alumina Limited transaction on August 1, and we've already captured over half of the improvement from the improvement programs that we're anticipating for 2025. So, overall, it was a busy quarter and we made a lot of progress. I'd like to thank you for joining our call. Molly and I look forward to sharing further progress when we speak again in October.