Novo Nordisk A S (NVO) Q1 2023 earnings call transcript

Welcome to this NOVO NORDISK earnings call for the first three months of 2023. Today's announcement discloses the full set of results following the release of top-line results and updated outlook earlier in April. This was shared ahead of time due to Danish securities regulations. My name is Lars Ruegaard Jorgensen, and I'm the CEO of NOVO NORDISK. With me today I have Executive Vice President and Head of Commercial Strategy and Corporate Affairs, Camille Silvestre, Executive Vice President and Head of North America Operations, Doug Lange, Executive Vice President and Head of Development, Martin Holst Lange, and finally Chief Financial Officer, Karsten Monknusen. All of us will be available for the Q&A session. Today's announcement and the slides for this call are available on our website, no-nois.

com. Please note that this call is being webcasted live, and a recording will be made available on our website as well. The call is scheduled to last one hour. Please turn to the next slide. The presentation is structured as outlined on slide 2. Please note that all sales and operating profit growth statements will be at constant exchange rate unless otherwise specified. As always, I need to advise you that this call will contain forward-looking statements, such as subject to risk and uncertainty, that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. For further information on the risk factors, please see the company announcement for the first three months of 2023 and the slides prepared for this presentation.

Please turn to the next slide. In the first three months of 2023, we delivered 25% sales growth and 28% operating profit growth. Furthermore, we raised the outlook for the year in the early announcement shared on April 13th of 2023.

I would like to start this call by going through the performance highlights across our strategic aspirations before handing over the word to my colleagues. Within purpose and sustainability, we continue to make progress across all dimensions. Our carbon emissions decreased by 21% compared to pre-pandemic levels in 2019. In line with our strategic aspirations of being a sustainable employer, we continue to expand the number of women in senior leadership positions. This is now 39%, compared to 37% end of March 2022. Within R&D, we are pleased with a successful completion of Pioneer Plus trial with all semaglutide 25 and 50 mg that is setting the bar for all incotens in type 2 diabetes. Martin will come back to this and our overall R&D milestones later.

Within rare endocrine disorders, we are happy to announce that once weekly, S. A. G. Royer was approved by the US FDA for the treatment of children with growth hormone deficiency. This is an important milestone for patients and for the rare disease portfolio. Quarterly sales growth reflects solid commercial execution across operating units. Both operating units contributed to sales growth driven by demand for our GL4-1 treatments for both diabetes and obesity. In the U. S. , the prescription trends for WGOVI highlights the high unmet need for people living with obesity. Camilla and Doc will go through the details per therapy area later. Carson will go through the financials, but I am very pleased with the performance so far this year.

With that, I will give the word to Camilla for an update on execution.

Thank you Lars, and please turn to the next slide. As Lars mentioned, our total sales increased by 25% in the first three months of 2023. This sales increase was driven by both operating units with North America operations growing by 41% Thank you. Thank you. By a 14% decrease in North America operations. Rare endocrine disorder sales were unfortunately impacted by a temporary reduction in manufacturing output. Please turn to the next slide. With 21% sales growth in our diabetes care, we are growing faster than the total diabetes market, leading to an increased market share of 32.2%. With this, we are on track to reach This increase primarily reflects GLP-1 market growth as well as share gains in both operating units.

Please turn to the next slide. In international operations, total diabetes care sales increased by 12% in the first three months of 2023, driven by GLP-1 sales growing 52%. NOVO NORDISK is the market leader in international operations with a GLP-1 value market share of Thank you for that update, Camilla. Please turn to the next slide. At around 60% volume growth in Q1 of 2023, the U. S. The first GLP-1 market continued to accelerate. This acceleration is driven by all-time high levels of new patients starting on our portfolio of GLP-1 products.

Measured on total prescriptions, NOVO NORDISK has expanded its market leadership position with a current market share of around 53%. Please go to the next slide. Obesity care sales increased by 124%, with 156% growth in North America operations and 65% growth in international operations. The global branded obesity market expansion continues, with a global volume growth of 54%. In international operations, we are encouraged by the continued performance of Saxenda, and that the Vigobi launches in Denmark and Norway are both progressing very well. In the U. S. , obesity care sales grew by 162%, with both Wagovi and Saxenda contributing to the growth. Since the Wagovi commercial relaunch in January of 2023, the prescription trends have highlighted the high unmet need for safe and efficacious products to help people living with obesity.

We continue to scale supply capacity, and the second CMO for WGOVI is now producing to the market, providing additional capacity and risk mitigation. However, to safeguard continuity of care, the supply of the lower WGOVI dose strengths in the U. S. will be reduced temporarily.

Next slide, please. Our rare disease sales decreased by 16%, driven by a 17% sales decrease in international operations and by a 14% decrease in North America operations. Rare blood disorder sales decreased by 3%, driven by NOVO 7, and partially offset by the launch of products in hemophilia A and B. Specifically, hemophilia A sales grew by 19%, hemophilia B by 15%, and NOVO 7 decreased by 11%. Rare endocrine disorder sales declined by 38%, reflecting a temporary reduction in manufacturing output and lower realized prices in the U. S. Now over to you, Martin, for an update on R&D.

Thank you, Doc. Please turn to slide 11. In March, we announced the exciting headline results from the Pioneer Plus Phase 3b trial with once-daily oral semaglutide 25 and 50 mg, respectively. Pioneer Plus was a blinded 68-week trial comparing once-daily oral semaglutide 25 and 50 mg to that of 14 mg. The objective of the trial was to assess the efficacy and safety of semaglity 25 and 50 mg as an add-on to stable doses of 1 to 3 oral antidiabetic medicines in approximately 1,600 people with type 2 diabetes in need of treatment intensification.

The trial achieved its primary endpoint by demonstrating a superior reduction in A1c at week 52 with both doses as compared to 14 mg. Here we present the trial product estimate for A1C and weight loss. From a baseline of A1C of 9%, people treated with 25 and 50 mg achieve statistically significant A1C reductions of 1.9 and 2.2 percentage points respectively, compared with 1.5 percentage points with 14 mg. People in the trial had a mean baseline body weight of 96.4 kilograms. People receiving 25 and 50 milligram of semaglutide experienced a statistically significantly higher weight loss of 7 and 9.2 kilograms respectively, compared with a reduction of 4.5 kilograms with 14 milligram. In the trial, all doses of oral semaglutide appeared to have a safe and well-tolerated profile.

The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal and were consistent with the GLP-1 receptor agonist class. GI events were most prominent during dose escalation and more frequent with oral semaglutide 25 and 50 mg than with oral semaglutide 14 mg. To sum up, we are very pleased with the results from the Pioneer Plus trial that will provide people with type 2 diabetes with further dose escalation options if additional glycemic control or weight loss is required.

We expect to file for regulatory approval in the US and EU during 2023. Given the impressive growth that we are seeing across the magnetite brands, the global rollout of the 25 and 50 mg doses is contingent on portfolio prioritizations and manufacturing capacity. Next slide, please.

Turning to broader R&D milestones, I would like to highlight some of the other exciting events, trial readouts, and initiations across our therapy areas during the course of 2023. Within diabetes, I am happy to share that we have submitted once-weekly insulin Igodec for regulatory approval in the EU, US and China for the treatment of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We have also completed a FH2 trial with a fixed dose combination of subcutaneous semaglutide and a once-weekly GIP analog. The fixed dose combination did not show superior ALT reductions or weight loss compared to semaglutide 2.4 mg.

Following the completion of the trial, we have terminated further development of this program. In relation to this, we have successfully completed a Phase I trial with a GLP-1 GIP co-agonist. In the trial, the co-agonist appears safe and well tolerated, and based on the results, we now plan to initiate a Phase II trial with a subcutaneous formulation in pursuit of further innovation within the GLP-1 space.

In April, we initiated the Redefine-Free trial, a cardiovascular outcome study, with the objective to confirm cardiovascular safety of cat grisema compared to placebo, in addition to standard of care. Furthermore, we plan to initiate Redefine 2 into have two diabetes patients with obesity in the second half of 2023.

Within obesity, we have many exciting Phase 3 trials and readouts during 2023, including the cardiovascular outcomes trials STEP-HEF-PEF and SELECT with VEGOE. Both trials are designed to look beyond weight loss and focus on obesity-associated comorbidities. We believe that reducing the risk of obesity-associated comorbidities will not only make a big difference for the individual patients, but also add broader value to society.

Later this quarter, we are also looking forward to the readout of the OASIS-1 trial with all semagnotide 50 mg. This will be the first GLP-1 in a tablet for the treatment of obesity. With regard to concisumab for the treatment of Haemophilia A and B with inhibitors, we received a complete response letter from the FDA. In the letter, the FDA requested additional information related to the monitoring and dosing of patients to ensure that concisumab is administered as intended.

Further information on the manufacturing process was also requested. We will work now closely with the FDA to provide the requested data. And importantly, concisumab was earlier this quarter approved in Canada. In rare endocrine disorders, we are pleased that Sugroya, the long-acting growth hormone somapacitin, was approved by the US FDA for the treatment of children with growth hormone deficiency, 2.5 years of age and older.

Lastly, within other serious chronic diseases, we are excited to share that we have now initiated two cell-based therapy treatments in advanced heart failure and Parkinson's disease, respectively. This reflects our commitment to continuously mature our technology platforms that are essential to drive innovation across the diseases that we target.

With that, over to you, Karsten.

Thank you, Martin. Please turn to the next slide. In the first three months of 2023, our sales grew by 27% in Danish kroner and 25% at constant exchange rates, driven by both our operating units. The gross margin increased to 84.7% compared to 83.5% in 2022. The increase is driven by a positive product mix reflecting increased sales of GLP-1-based treatments and a positive currency impact. This is partially countered by costs related to the ongoing capacity expansions as well as lower realized prices, mainly in the US and China.

Sales and distribution costs increased by 22% in Danish krona and by 20% at constant exchange rates. The increase is driven by both operating units. In North America operations the cost increase is driven by the relaunch of Vigovi and promotional activities for SEMPIC In SNAP collaborations the cost increase is driven by promotional activities for Rebelsis and OSIMPIC as well as obesity care market development activities Research and development costs increased by 29% measured in Danish krona and 28% at constant exchange rates. The increase is driven by higher late-stage clinical trial activity and increased early research activities compared to the first quarter of 2022.

The acquisition of former therapeutics in 2022 also impacted R&D spend. Administration costs increased by 10% measured in Danish krona and by 9% at constant exchange rates. Operating profit increased by 31% measured in Danish krona and by 28% at constant exchange rates, reflecting the sales growth. Net financial items showed a net loss of 0.3 billion Danish krona compared to a net loss of around 1.2 billion Danish krona in 2022.

This primarily reflects losses on non-hedge currencies. As per the end of March 23, a positive market value of financial contracts of approximately 2.2 billion Danish krona has been deferred for recognition in 2023. The effective tax rate in the first three months of 2023 was 19.9% compared to an effective tax rate of 20.7% in 2022. Net profit increased by 39% and diluted earnings per share increased by 41% to 8 krona and 78 krona. 3.0. Free cash flow was 24.8 billion Danish krona compared to 21.6 billion Danish krona in 2022, supporting the strategic aspiration to deliver attractive capital allocation to shareholders.

The cash conversion is positively impacted by timing of payment of rebates in the U. S. This includes provisions related to the revised 340B distribution policy in the U. S. Please note that income under the 340B program has been partially recognized.

Capital expenditure for property, plant, and equipment was 4.7 billion Danish kroner compared to 1.5 billion in 2022. This reflects investments in additional capacity for active pharmaceutical ingredient production and fill finish capacity for both current and future injectable and oil products. Please go to the next slide. We enter 2023 with a solid growth momentum, and following the acceleration seen in the first quarter, we expect sales growth to be between 24 and 30 percent at constant exchange rates. This is based on a number of assumptions as described in the company announcement.

The guidance reflects expectations for sales growth in both operating units and mainly driven by volume growth of GLP-1-based treatments for diabetes and obesity care. This is partially countered by declining sales in rare disease due to a temporary reduction in manufacturing output. The guidance ranges for sales and operating profit reflect the level of volume growth of GLP-1-based diabetes treatments. It also reflects the inherent uncertainty of the pace of obesity care market expansion following the relaunch of Vigov in the US and gradual rollout in international operations. The outlook includes an expectation of continued periodic supply constraints and the related drug shortage notifications in 2023 across a number of products and geographies.

This is driven by higher than expected volume growth for GLP-1 based products such as Osenpik and Vigovi and temporary capacity limitations at some manufacturing sites. We are continuing to increase our supply capacity. We expect that operating profit will grow between 28 and 34 percent at constant exchange rates. This primarily reflects the sales growth outlook and continued investments in future and current growth drivers within research development and commercial.

In R&D, we continue to invest to progress the mid- and late-stage pipeline while expanding and progressing our preclinical project portfolio. The step-up in commercial investments are mainly allocated to the relaunch of Vigo in the U. S. , obesity care market development activities and international operations, as well as promotional activities for SEMPIC and Rebels.

For 2023, we expect net financial items to amount to a gain of around 3 billion Danish kroner, mainly reflecting gains associated with foreign exchange hedging contracts. Capital expenditure is still expected to be around 25 billion Danish krona, reflecting investments in additional capacity for active pharmaceutical ingredients and fill finish capacity for both current and future injectable and oil products.

Our free cash flow is now expected to be between 66 and 78 billion Danish krona, reflecting the sales growth and investments in capital expenditures. Based on the increased expectations for cash flow generation, the Board of Directors has approved an expansion of the 2023 share repurchase program by 2 billion Danish kroner to 30 billion in total. That calls the outlook for 2023. Now back to you, Lars, for final remarks.

Thank you, Karsten. Please turn to the final slide. We are very pleased with the double-digit self-growth for the first three months of 2023. Sales growth was driven by both international operations as well as North American operations. While both operating units contribute to sales growth, the Vigobi relaunch has accelerated sales growth in North America. In general, the sales growth was driven by a continuous strong demand for a portfolio of GLP-1 treatments for diabetes and obesity care. The commercial relaunch of Vigobi in the U. S. has underlined the high unmet need for efficacious and safe treatments for people living with obesity and value to society. We are very pleased with the readout of the Pioneer Plus trial, which has established a new efficacy standard for all diabetes treatments.

These results have made us optimistic ahead of the OASIS-1 results covering all semaglutide in obesity. Overall, we look forward to sharing results from several exciting trials reading out in 2023.

With that, we are now ready for the Q&A, where I kindly ask all participants to limit her or himself to one or maximum two questions. Operator, we are now ready to take the first question.

Thank you, Pete. First, Karsten, on the top end guidance, and then on GLB1 pricing. I don't know, Camilla, if you have a perspective on that.

Hi, Pete, and thanks for that set of questions. So as a starting point, delivering and guiding between 24% and 30% sales growth is just important to remember as a starting point. This is really a historic level of sales growth for NOVO NORDISK on a size-full basis in the first place. And then to a question, is 30% the max? Of course, in terms of supply capacity, we can supply to the entire guidance range. So that is our starting point. And as I said, at the last quarter, the previous ceiling there was not a magic ceiling. What I will say at this point in time is that we're getting closer to a ceiling, but 30% is not a hard ceiling, if I can put it that way.

And to put a little bit of color to that comment, then I would say when I look at our current supply-demand balance for our product portfolio, Then we do have drug shortage notifications in a number of markets on our GF1 portfolio, ex-US, currently. And as we're covering in today's release, then we are reducing the low-dose strength of the GOOVI. So, just indicating that we're running closer to max capacity in terms of what we can supply to the market in a sustainable fashion.

Thank you. And on the diabetes pricing dynamics, we have previously discussed that, of course, there are on a yearly basis adjustments to the pricing also in GLP-1 based on the volume dynamics. But overall, we expect a stable competitive environment, and that basically means that these are the adjustments that we expect. But then worthwhile reminding that the GLP-1 class as such is very underexploited both in North America but also in international operations.

So in North America it's around 10% of the diabetes market, and in the rest of the world, including the U. S. , it's 5%. So there is still potential for more people being supported by GLP-1 treatment.

Thank you, Carsten.

Thank you, Camilla.

And thank you, Pete.

Thank you, Michael. So if I start on duration of the goal, then Marcin can try to explain about our innovation.

So it's still too early to comment much about duration. If you look at our very, very impressive uptake in terms of number of scripts, total scripts, if there was a significant dropout, I don't think you would be seeing that trend curve. So we're very encouraged by that. We can also see when we look at the individual dose strengths that there is a close to perfect titration of patients. You start on the low dose, after some time you titrate up, and patients are still titrating up on the high dose. So if you had asked me to draw that before lunch, I would have brought something that looked like that for a good day. So very, very encouraging, say, response from patients and how they move up the doses and how that drives photoscripts.

So we still need a longer time to assess what the stay time would be. So I think that's actually a very positive sign.

And Martin on GIP-CLIP?

Yeah, absolutely. So very briefly, maybe taking a step back. So we had two programs running. One was a co-formulation of semaglutide and GIP that we had in phase two, and that was the one I described where we actually did not see any effect of adding GIP to semaglutide on either plasemic control nor weight loss. That would indicate that the role of GIP, at least in effect dose combination setting, is minimal.

We then had another track, which is coagonist, so a unimolecular format. This we ran in phase one, and we saw, as I said, results that would encourage us to progress this into phase two. When we then discuss the role of GIP, I don't think we've become 100% wiser. Our fixed dose combination study would suggest no role of GIP, but we also have to acknowledge that in the unimolecular formats, we see a good efficacy, and this could then be actually a really good activation of the GIP-1 system, or maybe a discrete added benefit of also targeting the GRP receptor.

I think the jury is still out, and for now we're just encouraged by the clinical data that draws us to go into phase two with this asset.

And to add, you should really see it as a leadership aspiration by NOVO NORDISK. We want to have a really strong portfolio in this space, so we are turning every stone, And I think we have exciting science in both the GILV1 space, Amelian space, Gibbs space, and potentially others, and we're looking at how we can maximize that for the benefit of patients.

Thank you, Harry. So maybe, Doug, if you first give a perspective on the fact that we indeed see very, very strong osympic growth. So how do you, you know, what do you attribute that growth to? And then margin any read-a-course on OASIS-1 from the recent data. Thank you.

So first you, Doug. Yep. Thanks, Lars, and thank you for the question. What I'd first start by saying is that, you know, we did, it's a good reminder that we did return to full supply with Ozempic, and we have had strong momentum. And then importantly, I think we're still seeing well over 80%, almost close to 90% of the prescriptions are coming from new patients and new to GLP-1 class. So we're seeing earlier use and more naive and patients that are new to the category. So I think that's important and continued momentum.

Thank you, Doug.

Marcin? Yes, so we haven't seen the OASIS results yet, but based on what we saw with the data from 25 and 50 mg in diabetes, we would expect to basically see what we plan out to do, namely parity vis-a-vis WEGOI on efficacy, on safety, and on semaglutide exposure, which is sort of the regulatory requirement. That basically means that an oral offering in the obesity space holds a really, really strong potential.

First of all, because we get the full efficacy and safety benefit of this magnetite molecule, but also the benefit of a different mode of administration. And we do know that some patients, but also some prescribing physicians, will prefer the oral offering over subcutaneous treatment. So having the full palate will obviously release that further potential.

Thank you, Martin. And I also just add that for IO, despite some drug shortage notifications, we still see above 50% growth in IO. So we see really, really strong demand for the type of clinical benefit that USEMPIC is giving.

First, for Carsten, on margin, could you elaborate on how you see the trend Thank you, Florence. So Karsten first on your expectations for medium term margin, and then, Doug, you can perhaps call the Inflation Reduction Act question how that would potentially impact us.

Yeah, thank you Florin for that question. So margin is of course a function of both our top line momentum and our investments into the business, and then finally our choices in that respect. And our strategy as a company is to drive innovation-based growth. So what we're doing is that we are investing in growth, and that is both short, medium, and long-term growth, whether it's in our marketed portfolio today or whether it's building a strong pipeline of production in R&D. So that's our intention, and margin in itself as a consequence is not a target in itself. You see us delivering pretty much 47% operating margin in the first quarter, so top quartile margin compared to that of the industry.

So we believe that we generate the most value by driving top-line growth and a competitive warranty portfolio. With that said, clearly in a scenario as we're in now with very, very high growth levels, say in the 20s, then the organic investments and scaling in the company will most often be below that, And as a consequence, we will have margin leverage for the company in a mainly organic scenario.

And then I would say, then how that entails versus BD, of course, that's more a stochastic function of progress on our BD agenda and the type of assets and companies that will join the company. So, to summarize, not a target in itself, but with a high top-line run rate, then logically we are disciplined and will be driving margin.

Thank you, Karsten. Thanks, Doug. On the Inflation Reduction Act, there are different components, some with a short-term impact, some with a longer-term. What can you say about that, Doug?

Yep, exactly, Lars. There's some positives and some negatives, but as a reminder, there are four components to the IRA that could impact NOVO NORDISK. It's the inflation penalty, Part D redesign, the insulin $35 cap, and the direct negotiations. And again, as a reminder, the direct negotiations, they're doing 2027, and it does appear that CMS will be implementing a molecule-based negotiation instead of a brand-based, but there's still some uncertainty as it relates to the price. and the initial offer of that price and when it will begin. So I would say there's several components, some good guys, some bad guys, and still some uncertainty around that.

Thank you, Doug.

Thank you, Simon. So on the go, I would start by saying that manufacturing is running well. You have seen that we have now the second contract manufacturer up and running and contributing, and that's what enabled us to lift our forecast, I would say, rather significantly earlier in April. We have also guided that we will be adding more lines. So later in the year, there will be a third line, and you can imagine that we have, you know, that's not the end, more will be coming.

We have also guided that we have upgraded our CapEx. So we are investing significantly also in-house, and that includes API. You know, we have, you know, a couple of years back started a project in Denmark with API expansion. You know that we have a facility in the U. S. that has just been approved, et cetera. So there's a lot happening.

And while we do see some short-term need for holding a bid back on the starter doses in the U. S. , we are very, very encouraged about our ability to scale our manufacturing setup. And just the fact that we guide as we do now on top of say 14, 16% growth the last few years. And of course this year we have the kick-in of Wigowi. And if you say normalize for that, it is a very, very sizable and meaningful growth that we believe we can cater to. So I will not go into more specifics than that, but these are known technologies for us. We are scaling and we will be scaling going ahead.

I cannot go into a lot of details about what is happening in the UK. I don't have the knowledge. I don't have anyone here around the table who can give a lot of clarity around that. But I think we have a wise man in Martin who can talk a bit to the SEMA formulation.

It's going to be a short answer. So I'll just say that the purpose of our formulation upgrades is obviously to first and foremost improve bioavailability of semaglutide, and we continue to do further development of that. To your point, we've had several improvements since our first formulation, but I cannot go into specific details of what the individual upgrades entail.

Thank you, Martin.

Thank you, Richard. I'll start a bit on the supply side, and then Martin can talk to probably Cagrosemma more than competition. So I'll not go into a lot of details, but I'll just say that obviously we have the API component, we have different devices, we have different filling setup, and of course we also have the all formulation. So first of all, that's a really, really strong setup, and it gives us some flexibility in how we actually build volume that we are not relying on just one presentation.

But I'll just say that we have a growth strategy, and just looking at our numbers, we are growing tremendously. And we have long ago made the choice of expanding that, and we believe we can continuously grow also for the coming period. But going into very detailed comments about where bottlenecks are, I think that's getting it too operational for how we guide. So you have to trust us when we say that we're very confident in our ability to scale and drive growth. And don't play too much into, say, short-term demand management, because it's really about building a sustainable experience for the patients.

And we're quite confident that we can drive growth that is quite attractive for the coming period also.

Martin, on competitiveness with Kekrisema. Yes, so first of all, I just want to call out with semaglutide in type 2 diabetes in step 2, we see approximately 10% weight loss. I also want to remind you that we're currently running a phase 3 trial in both diabetes, but also in obesity with 7.2 mg of semaglutide. And we do actually, based on our modeling, expect to see in diabetes an approximately 13-15% weight loss, and in non-diabetes obesity, around 20% weight loss. So not too far away from what you just described. And then that comes then with the very attractive safety profile that we know from semaglutide. But specifically on caprocema, this is probably where we see the step up or the step change.

Based on what we've seen so far in type 2 diabetes, we would expect an approximate 20% weight loss in and of itself. So actually more than what you just described.

I will now turn the call over to management for the NOVO NORDISK From our perspective semagnotide maybe with a higher dose is actually already in and of itself an attractive offering and obviously with Cacuzema and as you know we currently testing that in Phase 3 in both type 2 diabetes and in obesity We expect a substantial and significant step up.

Thank you, Martin. I think just underlying what I mentioned before, we believe we can lead in this space, and we have a breadth of a portfolio already visible now, but also more coming that we can hopefully keep teasing out superior profiles here.

Next question, please.

Thank you, Kerry. So I'll give it a shot on the first question on Wiggovy, then Martin, you can prepare for select. I know it's one of your favorite topics. So we have mentioned that we are reducing the starter doses in the coming months.

So we're not being very explicit on what that means, but we expect a limited period on this. And I don't think we can get into quarter by quarter growth analysis. But of course, when you look at the TRX trend just the past few months here, there is a quite strong growth profile of that that will drive growth also in the coming quarters. And you can see our recent upgrade, which is taking this, you know, changed, say, availability of start doses into consideration that we see a very, very strong opportunity for sustaining growth. With regards to launches outside of the U. S. , we are eagerly interested in doing this gradual rollout also in more countries.

We have seen a very strong uptake both in Denmark and Norway, but it's, of course, just like in the U. S. , it's important that we factor in capacity when we do these launches so we can sustainably supply patients. And I'll not go into more specifics about what countries are next and when. There is some competitive nature around that that we'd like to keep for ourselves.

Martin, on SELECT.

Yep. So I'm the R&D guy, so when you ask me what constitutes a hit for SELECT, I'll only speak to it from a medical and scientific perspective. And in that respect, anything statistically significant makes sense. The primary endpoint is MACE, that's MI, that's stroke, that's cardiovascular death. And saving a significant number of patients in that space is obviously a hit.

Specifically for SELECT, we've designed a study with the power of detecting 17%. That is still our assumption. We have no knowledge since we discussed this last. So the 17% would obviously be the perfect hit, but it could be plus minus a few percent and still be highly statistically significant. So basically nothing new on that.

Thank you, Martin. And maybe I can add, say, a real-world data point because we have a lot of dialogue with healthcare systems, payers around the world, and many of them actually approach us with data showing a correlation between high BMI and consumption of medical services. So, of course, SELECT is important in establishing the health benefit of obesity intervention, but it's actually already being acknowledged today.

Those payers, those, say, integrated healthcare systems that have data on their population can see that high BMI leads to higher consumption of healthcare services. So I believe anti-obesity medicine has the opportunity of establishing itself as one of the best, say, investment cases for healthcare systems when it comes to actually addressing this chronic disease.

Sajin, I think we'll go to you first, Doc, on how you're seeing the U. S. payer focus on dilution. One, pricing, and if you could also give a perspective on what you see of a WGOI profile, cash, slash, on formulary insurance, and also BMI profile of those we treat. And then, Karsten, there were some questions on what we have assumed in the guidance and also product mix.

Orch, you first, Dar.

Yep, thank you, Sachin. Thank you, Lars. So I think it's first important to note that we continue to see very strong access for Wagovi. You know, we have over 40 million lives today. It includes all major PBMs. I think it's also normal to see, as you see, increasing focus and pressure on products that have volumes going up, and that's in any category, including this one, which continues to add controls to those products. So I think that's just important. As far as the question around cash, you know, we see it about 5% to 10%, But also importantly, we see over 80% of our patients today pay $25 or less. So I think that's important to note.

Thanks, Doug. Do you have any data on the BMI for those who are on treatment?

Yeah, I'm sorry. Yeah, it's about 38 here in the U. S. BMI. So, very high BMI.

I think those are encouraging data both in terms of the type of payer profile and BMI. And, Karsten, on some of the assumptions?

Yeah. So, of course, when we build our guidance, then we're looking at the most recent data points in our trending. And the big movers in terms of sales growth for the company this year is clearly Ozympic and Vigovi. I wouldn't go into the details on what exact assumptions we have, because as you know, market growth is a function of competition, payers, prescribers, etc. , and supplies. And I would say that when we did the Vigoovi forecast for guidance, we did anticipate a slowdown in TRX growth, and we have been out saying that we would not be able to supply to a continuation of the trend we saw in the first month of the year.

So guidance-wise, there's no big surprise in a bending curve for Vigoovi in terms of the mathematics. OSEMPEC, yes, we put an assumption in, which of course is linked to the oil trending in the market and supply situation. And as I said in my first commentary around the top end of the guidance, then the key point is that 30% is not a hard ceiling, But we are getting closer to our capacity limitations as evidenced by the drug shortage notifications and the reduction in low-dose drinks for Vigovie.

Thank you, Karsten.

I don't know whether you can address that. I think, Doc, if you could speak to the Vigovio-Cempic, but if I start out, then I would say for any spillover consequences from the reduction in low-dose strains of Vigovio, Then the key point here is that a big part of the patients getting Vigovie, they actually seek Vigovie when they get to the physicians and get the scripts.

And we're not out of the market with the low-dose drinks. We're just reducing supply. So I would balance your question by saying that probably a lot of the patients, they will be getting the product. There might just be a delay in terms of when the script is being filled at the pharmacy.

I don't know, Doug, if you have more to add to that. Carson, what I would just add is that overall, and Camilla mentioned it earlier, that diabetes is still an overall low GLP-1 penetration rate. And then secondly, we expect continued strong demand for our GLP-1 products. We have strong demand now, and we expect continued demand.

Thank you. So we have time for one quick final round of questions.

Thank you, Mark. I don't think we can give you a time for when we can produce all snack-based GLP-1 to the cogs of a small molecule. And by the way, the Cox of a small molecule might not be that low, actually, because it's actually a quite complex synthetic process. Whether we would pursue a small molecule, I don't want to be specific on that either. That's part of the strategic considerations. But I would just caution that it's a given that the small molecule will actually be as both efficacious and perhaps also as cheap as one might believe. In terms of the GS4-1 supply chain for Sempec ex-US, I think the answer is consistent with what I've been saying so far, that we are building capacities.

We have a number of lines kicking in, and of course it's a key priority for us to get the balance right and serve the patients that rely on us. And I would just also underline that international relations is a key growth opportunity for us, and we have a significant share in that territory, and there are a lot of patients. So it's a very, very large growth opportunity. So when we scale capacity, it's also to serve those patients.

On CACRASEMMA, you raise a good point that it is indeed a more complex molecule. There are two APIs. There is a dual chamber and device component to that. So we have, of course, some scars on our back in terms of scaling supplies from OSEMPIC and we go with it. So we're taking this very seriously, but it is a significant task to solve.

But I think there's also a significant opportunity what that product can deliver. So it's something that has highest priority in the company. Thank you, Mark, and thank you all for participating. I trust you can sense that we're very excited about the opportunities we have in NOVO NORDISK, and we're investing in our business to drive growth in the coming period. I would like to thank you for participating, and of course, feel free to reach out to our investor relations officers if you have any further questions. Thank you, and have a great day.