Novo Nordisk A S (NVO) Q3 2025 earnings call transcript

Welcome to this NOVO NORDISK earnings call for the first nine months of 2025. My name is Jacob Rode, and I'm the head of Investor Relations. With me today, I have CEO of NOVO NORDISK, Mike Duster, Executive Vice President, Product and Portfolio Strategy, Ludwig Helfgott, Executive Vice President, U. S. Operations, Dave Moore, Executive Vice President, Research and Development, and Chief Scientific Officer, Martin Holzlange, and Chief Financial Officer, Carsten Munkhausen. All speakers will be available for the Q&A session. Please note that the call is being webcasted live and a recording will be available on our website as well. The call is scheduled to last a little more than one hour. Please turn to the next slide. The presentation is structured as outlined on slide 2.

Please note that all sales and operating profit growth statements will be at constant exchange rates unless otherwise specified. Next slide please. We need to advise you that this call will contain forward-looking statements. These are subject to risks and uncertainty that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. For further information on risk factors, please see the company announcement for the first nine months of 2025, as well as the slides prepared for this presentation. And with that, over to you, Mike, for an update on our strategic aspirations.

Thank you, Jakob. Next slide, please. In the first nine months of 2025, we delivered 15% sales growth and 10% operating profit growth. They've also narrowed our guidance range to 8% to 11% on sales and 4% to 7% for operating profit. This is because they expect lower growth for our GLP-1 treatments in diabetes and obesity. Carson will get back to the guidance update later in the call. Looking into the R&D in diabetes, Rebelsis is now approved in the U. S. and EU with CV indications based on the sole trial. Within obesity and business development, we have progressed on a number of projects that Martin will come back to later.

In rare disease, we have now submitted MIM8 for regulatory approval in both U. S. and E. U. We are now serving around 46 million people living with diabetes and obesity. This is around 3 million more people with our GLP-1 treatment compared to just 12 months ago. Furthermore, I would like to note that 2025 strategic aspirations is our current framework for reporting, and we look forward to updating this next year as the current strategic aspiration runs out. Next slide, please. Since I became CEO, I have said several times that NOVO NORDISK will sharpen its focus on core areas, specifically diabetes and obesity. I want to take a moment to explain how we have refined our strategy.

For more than 100 years, we have been guided by a simple purpose, to identify and solve major unmet medical needs. This commitment is unchanged. There are many people who can benefit from expertise in diabetes and obesity, and we believe we can serve them better than anyone else. Going forward, we will concentrate on these areas where we can make the greatest difference.

Our strategy begins with patients at the center of everything we will do. Way more than 1 billion people are affected by diabetes or obesity. We will work tirelessly to develop products that help them live healthier, fuller lives. Some of these products will be developed internally. Others will be added to our portfolio through partnerships and acquisitions. Many of these assets can address multiple unmet needs. We will explore those opportunities and expand indications where appropriate to serve our patients.

Speaking of patients, it is a known fact that obesity and diabetes vary by individual and often comes with comorbidities that lack effective treatments. As with the Acura acquisition, NOVO NORDISK will keep pursuing innovation with identification within research and then advancing those to development to address call mobilities within our core and the overlaps with those cores. We are now shaping our focus, sharpening our focus. In the past, we spread our resources into areas a bit further away from our core. Think about stem cell research for Parkinson's disease. Therefore, during this last quarter, we have discontinued several non-core assets and redirected resources to areas aligned with our strength. Again, we will intensify our commercial efforts to strengthen competitiveness.

To meet evolving market dynamics and increasingly consumer-like behavior, we will, for example, expand telehealth capabilities across markets. In short, we remain disciplined about where we will compete within diabetes, obesity, and related comorbidities in the years ahead. We will also continue our targeted research and commercial work in rare disease. And to support this strategy, we have launched a company-wide transformation, which I would like to give you an update on its progress right now. Please go to the next slide. We previously announced a company-wide transformation designed to simplify our operating model, accelerate decision-making, and reallocate capital and resource towards the highest growth opportunities in diabetes and obesity. This program supports our strategy to capture rising global demand and strengthening our competitive position in the increasingly consumer-like obesity market.

As part of the plan, we expect a reduction of approximately 9,000 positions globally. While this decision was not taken lightly, it is expected to drive approximately 8 billion DKK in annual savings by the end of 2026. Those savings will be redeployed to expand our diabetes and obesity franchises and fund strategic priorities. We recognize the human impact of these changes and remain committed to responsible transition for affected colleagues. At the same time, we are confident this transformation will increase operational efficiency and strengthen our long-term future and enhance return for our shareholders. I will now hand over to Ludovic for an update on our commercial execution for the first nine months of 2025.

Thank you very much, Mike, and please turn to the next slide. In the first nine months of 2025, our total sales increased by 15%. The sales growth was driven by both operating units. U. S. operations grew 15%, and international operations grew 16%. Sales growth in the first nine months of 2025 was positively impacted by one-offs in the U. S. of around 6 billion Danish corona.

Our GLP-1 sales in diabetes increased by 10%, driven by both operating units growing at the same rate. Insulin sales increased by 3%, driven by U. S. operations growing 18%. The sales increase was positively impacted by growth and adjustments related to prior years as well as channel and payer mix. This was partially countered by a decline in volume. International operations sales decreased 2%. Bobazity care sales increased 41%, driven by U. S. operations growing 24%, and international operations growing 83%. Our rare disease sales increased by 13%. This was driven by sales increase in the U. S. of 14%, and in international operations of 13%. Next slide, please. Sales in international operations grew by 16% in the first nine months of 2025, driven by GLP-1 products.

GLP-1 diabetes sales increased by 10%, driven by sales growth of Azempic and Rebelsis. In region China, GLP-1 diabetes sales decreased by 4%, which was negatively impacted by wholesaler inventory movements. Obesity care grew by 83% to 22.4 billion Danish krona. Sales of Wigovi reached approximately 20 billion Danish krona, growing at 168%, driven by sales growth across all regions.

Please go to the next slide. In the combined diabetes and obesity GMP1 market, NOVO NORDISK remains the market leader in international operations, the value market share of 68%. Rebelsis is now available in more than 40 countries, and as I think continues to be the leading GMP1 diabetes product within international operations, having launched in around 80 countries. In obesity, WIGO-V is now launched in more than 45 countries with more to come.

Oral semaglutide 25 mg, or WIGO-V in a pill, has been submitted in the EU for potential launch in selected EU markets. The GLP-1 class growth of 35% in international operations is encouraging, and while competition in diabetes and obesity across international operations is intensifying, The unmet needs remain substantial. And with that, I would like to hand it over to Dave for an update on our U. S. operations.

Thank you. Ludwig, please go to the next slide. Sales of GLP-1 diabetes care products in the U. S. increased by 10% in the first nine months of 2025. The sales increase was driven by continued uptake of Ozempic, partially countered by Victoza and Ribelsis. Ozempic sales in the U. S. were positively impacted by gross-to-net sales adjustments and wholesaler stocking. Weekly Ozempic prescriptions are currently around 670,000 in standard units compared to 690,000 standard units in the second quarter of 2025. The GLP-1 diabetes market grew around 10% in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024. In the U. S. , we continue to invest in commercial activities and have recently launched Ozempic in our direct-to-patient cash offering.

Please go to the next slide. WGOVI sales increased by 25% in the U. S. operations in the first nine months of 2025. The WGOVI sales growth was driven by increased volumes, partially countered by lower realized prices. WGOVI has around 270,000 weekly prescriptions, compared to 280,000 weekly prescriptions at the end of last quarter. In August, we announced that the U. S. FDA approved WGOVI for the treatment of MASH.

In U. S. operations, we have established a sales force targeting U. S. hepatologists and gastroenterologists while we work to build access in this segment. Generally, we also continue to work on expanding access to safe and authentic WAGOVI. Around 55 million people with obesity have WAGOVI coverage in the U. S. , with more than 10 million people estimated to be covered with Medicaid. However, looking into 2026, several states have already announced changes to coverage for obesity medicines in response to budgetary concerns, which will affect Medicaid access to AGOVI. Regrettably, NOVO NORDISK market research shows that compounding has continued to increase. Multiple entities continue to market and sell compounded GLP-1s, and it is now estimated to be well above 1 million patients in the U. S. that are currently on compounded GLP-1.

NOVO NORDISK launched Novo Care Pharmacy in March of 2025, and together with Retail Channel, total cash market is up around 10% of total Wigovi prescriptions. NOVO NORDISK will continue to invest in the expansion of direct-to-patient initiatives, like the recently announced collaborations with GoodRx and Costco. We continue to anticipate a regulatory decision regarding Wigovian appeal later this year, which then we will be ready to launch in early 2026. Now back to you, Ludovic.

Thanks, Dave. Please turn to the next slide. Yesterday, we confirmed that we submitted an updated proposal to acquire MetSera to further strengthen our research and development portfolio in diabetes and obesity. As we said before, unlocking the full potential of the obesity market will require a broad and deep portfolio with different treatment options, formats, serving different patient groups, and their very different preferences.

Obesity treatment is still in its early stage, and in NOVO NORDISK, we foresee future patient segments that, for example, could be categorized based on BMI, age, gender, lifestyle, behaviors, and comorbidities. We believe that MedSera's innovative pipeline would further enhance our opportunity to meet all these very different needs of all these very different groups. Med97 is a potential best-in-class, once-monthly GLP-1 treatment, and Med233 is a next-generation amylin asset. The pipeline of MedSera also includes a combination of the two mentioned above, as well as innovative oral and injectable preclinical assets.

Furthermore, MedSERA's institutional knowledge and capabilities around peptide engineering and synthesis, high-flight extension technologies, and oral peptide delivery nicely complements NOVO NORDISK's core strengths in research. The proposed deal structure includes an upfront payment of 62.2 US dollars per share in cash, equal to an approximate enterprise value of 6.7 billion US dollars. The cash consideration is paid at signing an exchange for non-voting preferred stock, representing 50% of Metaira's share capital. In addition, up to US$2.8 billion in contingent value rights will be issued upon the closing of the acquisition in exchange for the remaining shares. The CVRs are based on the achievement of certain clinical and regulatory milestones. In total, MedSERA is eligible to receive up to US$10 billion, or US$86.2 per share.

NOVO NORDISK believes that the proposal, including the structure of the transaction, complies with all applicable laws and is in the best interest of patients who will benefit from our commitments to innovation, as well as MedSERA's shareholder. The offer highlights NOVO NORDISK's commitment to investing in the US and interest in continuing to grow the scale of its US investment. Now, over to you Martin.

Thank you Ludovic. Please turn to the next slide. As Mike described, we are intensifying our focus on key therapeutic areas such as diabetes and obesity, while continuing our commitment to related comorbidities as well as rare disease. The strategy aligns with our recent acquisition agreements of Aqira and Omeros-Saltanibaric assets. In early October, we announced the agreement to acquire Aqira and Afroxyfermin a once-weekly subcutaneous, long-acting FGF21 analog, with potential to be first to market in a four and best-in-class. Froxyfermin complements a strategic position in NOVO NORDISK MASH pipeline Current treatment options such as WIGOI primarily target patients with F2 and F3 disease stages Consequently there remains a significant unmet need in the F4 cirrhosis population for which no approved therapies are currently available The Phase 2 data for ephroxyl firmin are encouraging across F2 to F4.

Specifically, the symmetry Phase 2 beam trial demonstrates that after 96 weeks of treatment, In the case of FJ21, 29% of F4 patients, no improvement of at least one fibrosis stage with no worsening of mesh, and 42% achieved mesh resolution without fibrosis worsening. This is the first phase 2 trial to show statistically significant fibrosis regression in F4 patients for an FJ21 analog. Efroxyfermin is currently in the Phase III Synchrony program with pivotal readouts in the coming years and expected launch by the end of this decade. As a result, Efroxyfermin has the potential to be first in class FJ21 analog targeting the F4 population, As well as playing a role in F2 and F3 patients, including people who are not responsive to existing treatments.

We look forward to leveraging our capabilities to further optimize the synchrony program trials, assess the potential combinations with our current GELT1-based portfolio, and explore opportunities for additional indications such as alcohol liver disease. Also in October, we announced the agreement to acquire the clinical stage MASS-3 inhibitor, Seltanibat from Amaris, for rare blood and kidney disorders. This action aligns with the rare disease strategy with a key focus on rare blood disorders. Seltanibat is currently in phase 2 for the acquired This is a great example of a study of rare blood disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, or PNH. Plants are in place to begin a global phase 3 program for Salteneabat in PNH. The molecule holds big potential in a number of additional indications within rare disease and kidney disorders, which will be evaluated at a later point in time.

We believe our extensive expertise in the development, manufacturing, and commercialization of medicines within these fields makes us well positioned to advance these assets, optimize the value of their innovation, and ensure they reach the patients in need of these treatments in a very timely fashion. Please turn to the next slide. Looking towards our internal pipeline, we recently published a SHOP analysis of Redefine 1 focusing on carquilentide. In the trial, carquilentide achieved 11.8% weight loss at 68 weeks, assuming full treatment adherence. About 1 in 3 patients on carquilentide lost at least 15% of their body weight. Overall, carquilentide was very well tolerated.

The most common side effects were gastrointestinal of nature, and the discontinuation rate due to gastrointestinal adverse events was 1.3%. Obesity is a global challenge that requires continued scientific innovation. More treatment options, also focusing on tolerability, are needed to meet the diverse individual needs and preferences. We are very encouraged by the first Phase III data for cargillenside from Redefine I, and we look forward to studying it further in Phase III, the so-called RENU program. RENU I and RENU II will assess the 2.4 mg dose in people with obesity with and without type II diabetes respectively. Both trials have already been initiated, and additional studies evaluating higher doses The results of cacosemma and Cacosemma are anticipated in the beginning of the first half of 2026.

Let's turn to the next slide. Turning to the upcoming R&D milestones, we are looking forward to the remainder of 2025 with a number of readouts and milestones. In the first half of 2026, we anticipate the readout of the Reimagine 3, which is the first of three pivotal trials for cacosemma and people with tattooed diabetes. Reimagine 3 is a smaller study with Cagrocema as an add-on to basal insulin. Reimagine 2 is the larger study which will provide comparison to semaglutide and will read out in the first quarter of 2026. We also look forward to the phase 2 results of the subcutaneous and oral amigretin-inside 2 diabetes in Q4 this year. Within obesity, we completed the phase 1 trial with our internal GLP-1-GIP amylin triagonist.

The study assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the triagonist. In the trial, all multiple doses tested appeared to have a safe and well-tolerated profile. The results of this study allowed progression to a phase 1b-2 trial in individuals with overweight or Looking forward, we expect the FDA decision regarding the new drug application for the Regoey pill by the end of this year. Further, the submission of Cagrocema as well as the readout of the Redefine 4 trial remains on track for the first quarter of 2026. Within rare disease, we have filed MIMATE as a once monthly, once every two weeks, and once weekly prophylaxis treatment. We will also take prophylaxis treatment to prevent or reduce the frequency of bleeding episodes in people with hemophilia A with and without inhibitors for regulatory approval in the US and EU.

Finally, we anticipate the results of the evoke trials in patients with early Alzheimer's disease later this year. While there are a number of high unmet need for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, it is important to remind you that this represents a high risk opportunity.

And as the very final remark, while it is not on the slide, I would be remiss if I don't mention that the first readout of CELTIVECAMAP is anticipated to read out in the second half of 2026.

With that, over to you Karsten.

Thank you, Martin. Please turn to the next slide. In the first nine months of 2025, our sales grew by 12% in Danish krona and by 15% at constant exchange rates, driven by both operating units. In the third quarter, 9 billion DKK in costs related to the restructuring was booked. The gross margin decreased to 81.0% compared to 84.6% in 2024. The declining gross margin mainly reflects impacts of around 3 billion DKK from the one-off restructuring costs and impairments related to a few production assets.

Further costs of goods sold are impacted by amortization and depreciations related to cattle and as well as costs related to ongoing capacity expansions. Sales and distribution costs increased by 12% in Danish krona and by 15% at constant exchange rates. The increase in costs is driven by both U. S. operations and international operations and is primarily related to VGOVI. S&D costs are impacted by one-off restructuring costs of around 2 billion DKK. Research and development costs increased by 9% of Danish kroner and by 10% at constant exchange rates. This reflects increased R&D activity across the early and late states portfolio, particularly within obesity care. R&D costs are impacted by one-off restructuring costs of around 4 billion Danish kroner and impairments related to the closure of early non-core projects to free up resources for projects in core therapy areas.

This is partially countered by the impairment loss related to osidurin of 5.7 billion Danish kroner and other impairments of intangible assets in 2024. Operating profit increased by 5% measured in Danish krona and by 10% at constant exchange rates. Operating profit adjusted for costs related to the restructuring increased by 16% measured in Danish krona and 21% at constant exchange rates. Net profit increased by 4% and diluted earnings per share increased by 4% to 16 krona and 99 euro. Pre-cash flow in the first 9 months of 2025 was 63.9 billion Danish krona compared to 71.8 billion in the first 9 months of 2024, driven by increased capital expenditures. And finally, in the first nine months of 2025, we have returned 53 billion Danish Kroner to shareholders, mainly through dividend payments.

Please go to the next slide. For 2025, sales growth is now expected to be 8 to 11 percent at constant exchange rate. The new range reflects lower expectations for sales growth of our GLF-1 treatments in diabetes and obesity. Given the current exchange rate versus the Danish Krona, sales growth reported in Danish Krona is expected to be around 4 percentage points lower than constant exchange rate growth.

In international operations, the updated outlook reflects current growth trends driven by GLP-1 penetration in diabetes and obesity, partially offset by intensifying competition within both diabetes and obesity. In U. S. operations, the outlook is based on current prescription trends for Vigovi and Ozympic, as well as intensifying competition and pricing pressure within both diabetes and obesity. Operating profit is now expected to be 4-7% at constant exchange rates, negatively impacted by 8 billion Danish kroner in restructuring costs. Given the current exchange rate versus Danish krona, growth reported in Danish krona is expected to be around 6 percentage points lower than at constant exchange rates.

The narrowing of the guidance range mainly reflects the lower sales growth outlook and costs related to the agreed acquisitions of Akiro and OMROS, partially countered by reduced spending. NOVO NORDISK expects net financial items to show a gain of around 2.6 billion Danish krona, driven by gains on hedge currencies, whereas capital expenditure is now expected to be around 60 billion Danish krona, driven by adjustments to expansion plans.

Free cash flow is now expected to be 20 to 30 billion Danish krona, reflecting lower than expected trade receivables in the US and reduction in capital expenditure. Furthermore, the free cash flow guidance assumes an impact from the acquisition of Acero contingent on final timing of closing. Potential financial impacts related to the potential acquisition of Matera has not been included. For the coming years, NOVO NORDISK has previously informed that the compound pattern expiry of semaglutide molecule in certain countries in international operations is expected to have an estimated negative low single-digit impact on global sales growth in 2026. In 2026, the agreed acquisition of Acero is expected to lead to increased R&D costs with an estimated negative impact on full-year operating profit growth of around 3 percentage points depending on the timing of closing.

Lastly, NOVO NORDISK accepted the Inflation Reduction Act's maximum fair price MFP for SEMPIC, Rebelsis and Vigovi in Medicare Part D for 2027. The estimated direct impact of semacrotide MFP in Medicare Part D had it been introduced 1st of January 2025 would have been a negative low single digit impact on global sales growth for the full year of 2025. The MFPs for semacrotide will be effective as of 1st of January 2027 in Medicare Part D in the US. That covers the remaining details on the outlook for 2025. Now back to you, Mike.

Thank you, Carson. Please turn to the next slide. It's been a busy and productive quarter. Throughout the first nine months of 2025, we delivered 15% sales growth, and nearly 46 million people are now benefiting from our treatments.

We have also advanced our R&D pipeline, launched a company-wide transformation program, and announced a few strategically aligned R&D acquisitions and agreements. With that, back to you, Yaka.

Thank you, Mike. Next slide, please. And with that, we are now ready for the Q&A, please. We kindly ask all participants to limit her or himself to one or maximum two questions, including the sub-questions.

So with that, operator, let's take the first question, please.

Thanks for those two questions. On the first one, on market share development and perhaps market growth also, we'll turn to you, Mike.

Thank you very much, Karsten. So as someone who has been part of the commercial organization for so long, then I would not lie and say I don't like losing market share. But our job right now is to focus the company's strategy around diabetes and obesity predominantly because we see a huge expansion potential as we go forward. We are expanding our pipeline through our own activities as well as, of course, acquisitions. We are getting our costs under control to invest and really make sure that no stones is unturned. And we're really putting most of our efforts at this point in expanding the market. There are millions and millions of diabetes and obesity patients out there, including in the U. S. , that are not getting their treatments.

Launching new products like our Vigobi pill is one way to get there. Other ways is through increasing our commercial partnerships. You have seen Costco, Walmart, GoodRx, LifeMD, Rowe. All of those are ways for us to expand the market and really make sure that through that we succeed and have a successful future. But it does take time for those measures to take effect. It's a marathon, as I have said a number of times now, not a sprint.

Thank you Mike And for the second question on capital allocation what up to you Karsten Yeah thank you for the capital allocation question We have a clearly articulated capital allocation framework which says invest in the business provided attractive return pay out dividend in a consistent manner do pipeline additions through BD and M and finally if excess cash do share buyback So that's our framework, which has remained on change for quite a while. And with that, I'm saying that we do have a consistent approach on dividend and have no intention of changing that. The starting point is clearly to convert our earnings into cash flow, which we focus on each and every day, and then looking at value generating opportunities both organically and inorganically, as in the case with Acero as an example.

So I hope that's clear.

Back to you, Aaron.

Thank you, Karsten, and also thanks to you, Karsten, for the two questions. With that operator, let's turn to the next set of questions, please.

Thank you, Pete. And on the first question on MetSera, we'll turn to you first, Mike, and then Martin, you can add on the different assets.

Thanks very much, Pete. I would say, Pete, that I am very excited about our own pipeline. I think we have a fantastic pipeline. But when you have an ambition to go to hundreds of millions of people and treat them, then no pipeline is broad enough. So we have been looking at MatSera for a long time. We are very excited about these assets. The proposal to acquire MatSera really supports our long-term strategy, and it's mainly because these assets are differentiated and complemented to our products and portfolio. That's why we're doing it. I will pass it on to Martin who can more easily explain the differentiation to our own assets, but I would say it works very complementary to what we have.

I can only echo that. What we are looking for is complementary to our pipeline. You have heard us speak to many, many times, obesity is not just one disease, it's many different diseases with many different presentations. Different patients coming in with different aids, different BMI, different behaviors, different needs, different body composition, and different comorbidities. They have different focus areas, and for us to really serve the full palette of patients suffering from obesity and their comorbidities, we need a diversified pipeline. What we've seen is differentiation and complementarity, and when we see that, then if we can progress that with diligence and in assumption, then obviously we're interested.

Thank you, Mike. Thank you, Martin. And then on the second question, the DFTC will turn to you, Karsten.

Yeah. So the short answer is that at this point we don't want to get into any details around the process. It's still to a GPD where everything lands. We know that the Metzera board assessed our office to be superior, and that's what we can relate to. And then I can say, as part of this due diligence, as with any other due diligence, we do comprehensive homework in terms of living up to all laws and regulations in order for the deal to close. We always do that, and we did that here also with the assistance and challenge of external experts.

So we are confident that this deal can close according to regulations.

Thank you, Pete, for those two deal questions. Let's turn to the next set of questions, please.

Thank you, Florant, for those two questions. For both of those, we'll turn to you, Dave, on Medicare potential and then on IRA.

Thank you for the question, Florant. The Medicare opportunity is very important to us and something we've been pursuing since Since we launched into obesity over a decade ago, we know that there's roughly 30 million people of Medicare age that are suffering from obesity and that is something that we feel is really important that those individuals have access to anti-obesity medicines. We can't speculate on what the potential is and how many of those patients we'll be able to reach, but we do see this as a very important development for us.

Regarding your second question about IRA, as Karsten mentioned, gave an understanding of the expected impact in the company announcement as well, and it's not something that we are able to comment on. We are under strict confidentiality with CMS, and CMS will be making the announcement of what those prices are at some point in the near future.

Thank you, Dave, and also thanks to you, Fuan. Thank you, and let's move to the next set of questions in line, please.

Thank you, Martin. On the first question on I. O. , I'll turn it over to you, Mike.

Yes, thanks very much. So a couple of different ways to answer your question, Martin. There are markets that we are clearly competing well and gaining market share within IO, and there are markets that we are losing. So it is market dynamics that dictates IO and averages sometimes cloud the picture. In certain markets, take China as an example, the market is not growing as much as we had anticipated. We have said it in the past, it's predominantly because we have never launched a previous version of obesity drugs in that market.

At the same time, we have seen in the same market that we're losing in the online battle to our competitor, We're predominantly because obesity drugs, so VGOVI, is not allowed to be sold online, while if you have a mega brand, then it's a very different picture. So that's, I would say, for China. If you take a look at some of the European markets, take the UK as an example, we have seen how our share of growth over a period of one quarter has now bypassed on initiation. And our competitors' numbers. So this is a dynamic market that changes, and it is really to be seen on a longer horizon and not quarter by quarter. We still have a patient base more than two times more than our competitor in international operations.

The volume strategy and the future potential of international is still incredibly attractive for us. But we came to this market with a very high level of market share, 100% on our own. So losing market share is something that we had anticipated as our competitor comes. And as we go also into next year, it will not just be Eli Lilly, but also in some of the markets, other players as we lose LOE. So we have to look at this longer term. And when we do look at it longer term, I am incredibly optimistic for the volumes and the level of unmet need that exists in international operations.

Thank you, Mike. And let's move to Dave for the device question, please.

Thank you, Martin. Yes, as you mentioned, it's a setback to receive the CRL and Wagovi FlexTouch. Looking into 2026, we are looking at other presentations. This includes vials. It includes other devices that we're thinking about entering into the market, which would lead to more optionality, especially as we continue to grow in the cash channel as well. On the FlexTouch specifically, we are in active dialogue with FDA and working through the CRL, but can't comment on any specific timelines yet at this point.

Thank you, Dave. Thank you, Martin, for the set of two questions, and let's move to the next questions, please.

Thank you, Sachin. The first question on oral SEMA, let's go to you, Dave, in terms of preparedness. Of course, for competitive reasons, we cannot go into any details, but the high level picture, Dave?

Yeah, thanks a lot, Sachin. We're incredibly excited as we move closer to the approval date of the McGovie pill. I think this is a big step forward in terms of expanding the market and for those individuals that align better with taking a pill for their obesity. We can't comment on specific pricing, of course, but what I would say is we are going to have the Wagovi pill available in all channels. And this is different from previous launches because we will have the ability to focus on Medicaid, Medicare, and commercial, but also have a cash offering available through all of our different telehealth partnerships as well as our own NovoCare pharmacy and the retail partnerships that we've aligned as well.

This is a new way to launch for us. And we're also thinking about the competitiveness. This is a competitive profile with respect to efficacy and tolerability, and we're really looking forward to bringing this to people living with obesity in the U. S. Thank you, Dave.

And on the second question, we'll turn it to you, Karsten.

Thank you for that question, Sachin. I think you actually already captured some of the key elements going into your own question. The starting point is we do not guide for next year. Today, we'll come back to guidance for next year at a later point in time as we normally do. What I can say is, as always, current momentum is the foundation for future trends in the business. Not saying everything continues, but current momentum is where we start.

Then we have a few specific items worth calling out in relation to next year, next year's growth rates. One is this year we have some growth to net variability. I would estimate it to around 2% on group sales growth this year that will not repeat into next year. So that needs to be factored into growth rate. Then loss of exclusivity in certain I. O. markets, we've been calling that out for quite some time, including in our release, that will have an estimated negative impact of low single digits on next year's sales growth, on group sales. Then on sales, Dave was covering the Virgo Repel, which of course is our main launch into next year and upon regulatory approval by the FDA.

And then the final discretionary factor to call out is a Kero and the step up in R&D costs associated with that transaction pending closing expected late this year. That will have a 3% negative impact on operating profit growth in 2026.

Thank you, Karsten, and thank you to you, Sachin, for those two questions. Now let's move to the next one in line and those set of questions, please.

Thank you, Mike, for those two questions. Now let's start with the first one on revisiting the MetSera and the view on differentiation from your side, Martin.

Yeah thank you very much for the question I don want to go into specifics but maybe just iterate what we looking at where we look for complementarity to our pipeline It data on efficacy and those can be differentiated at many levels It's data on safety and tolerability, a little bit of the same consideration. It's scalability, and then obviously in this case the dose and frequency. We, on more than one parameter, see complementarity to our pipeline, and therefore this is an attractive proposition for us. On Evoque, I do want to iterate, we do not know the data in-house in this room. If we did, we would actually have to issue a corporate announcement immediately. So no knowledge amongst any of us in this room.

Our starting point is to disclose data, good or bad. So we currently aim to present whatever data that we will have at CETA in the beginning of December.

Thanks, Martin. That's very clear. And also thank you, Mike, for both of those questions. Now let's move to the next question, please.

Thank you, Harry. I've noted two questions here. I'll send both to you, Dave. The first one on the pricing dynamics and then subsequently on the current access picture. Over to you, Dave.

Yeah, thank you much. As we mentioned, we can't discuss any of the specifics around IRA or MFN, but we do appreciate the question and the fact that historically we have been able to maintain different prices in different channels, given that be Medicaid, Medicare, or commercial, and now our increasingly expanding cash channel. Of course, we can't speculate what that will mean in the future, but historically we have been able to maintain the differentiation between those markets and the access that comes with it.

Your second question around the trends in terms of the quality of access, it's something that continues to be really important for us, As sometimes receiving an obesity medication can be a challenge because of the friction that exists in the marketplace. So we are continuing to push for and invest in improved access. It's a clear priority for us. This includes both our cash offerings. It's also what we do with payers. But, you know, we haven't seen a large uptake yet in terms of that opportunity, but it's something that we're going to continue to push for in 2026 access. We don't really expect the access to be largely changed in 2026, but we do know that each of the payers or Medicaid, as we mentioned earlier, you know, have budget constraints, and there could potentially be some loss of coverage as well.

Thank you, James. Thank you, Dave, for those two, and also thanks to you, Harry. Let's move to the next question, please.

Thank you, Emmanuel. I noted two questions there. On the first one, on the GOB descriptions, I'll turn it to you, Dave. And on the second one afterwards on the deal structure, I'll turn to you, Ludovic. But first, it was you, Dave.

Yeah, thank you, Manuel. As we mentioned earlier, the quality of access remains a focus point and certainly a challenge in the reimbursed channel. Of course, we've got that combined with intense competition. And we also mentioned that compounding is continuing to increase as well. So that focus and investment in the quality of access, we do think is an important factor with respect to expanding the market. And in addition, you'll continue to see our efforts in expanding the cash channel through more partnerships and certainly having our product offerings available in that channel as well.

Thank you.

And now I'll hand over to you a little bit.

Thanks for the question, Emmanuel. Well, I think everything stems from, I guess, what you feel as an excitement for the portfolio of MetSera. We really believe in the assets, we believe in the team, and we believe that the deal structure that we have now, which, by the way, as Carson said, has been vetted and discussed with external counsels and experts, and believe that it's in line with all legal standards, It boils down to the quality of the asset and the confidence we have in the data that we have. So, of course, we know when you get into search acquisition that this deal will be reviewed, but we're comfortable that even the 50% of the shares that we would have in our pocket would be actually worth a lot if the product pans out to be the way we think it is.

Products with an S, by the way, because as you said, Martin, it's a competition of products. So in all cases, as it boils down to science, we believe that we have a good value proposition. Of course, we would prefer at the end to have that in our portfolio from an operational perspective, but the value there we believe is really, really high in all scenarios.

Thank you, Ludovic. And now let's turn to the last two questions. For the second last question, please go ahead, operator.

Thanks, Richard. On the first one, I'll turn to you, Mike.

Yes, a couple of comments on that, Richard. There's been no increased pressure to answer your question directly, but we have been quite consistent with regards to the illicit API that is coming from China and being used by compounders. We find since these are not FDA approved, their safety is questionable, and as a pharma company, We don't basically like that. That hasn't changed at all. We also have been saying that we need to increase our access, and we need to find ways to get to many more patients. The Cash Channel and eHealth is definitely an attractive way to go about it. In that context, we're having dialogue and discussions with multiple players on how we could actually increase our access, and then we will see with who we should go into partnership.

We've made a number of those partnerships available. So we talked about Costco, we have talked about EMET, we have talked about Walmart, And ongoing dialogues with many, many more are ongoing in pursuit of our market expansion that I spoke to earlier on.

Thank you, Mike. That's clear. And for the second one, let's move to you again, Dave, please.

Yeah, thanks very much, Richard. We continue to have dynamics that we've discussed in the past, Continued pressure, both in GLP-1 as well as in obesity with respect to price as we look to unlock more volumes. But I think it's – I do want to reiterate that the quality of access is a clear priority for us. We're working with payers to make sure that the experience is one that patients are able to receive their medicine more seamlessly. You know, that means lower utilization management, right? That means less of a prior authorization criteria. When we say we're investing in quality of access, that's really what we mean, and that's the focus conversation that we're having with payers.

In 2026, we don't really expect a large difference in terms of access in the commercial channel. As we mentioned, there may be some in Medicaid. But when we look at the commercial opportunity, I think it is important to note that we have been making progress in terms of the access. We continue to believe that the CVS opportunity remains there, and we will see Wagovi as the exclusive branded AOM at CVS in 2026 as well.

Thanks a lot, Dave. That's clear. And let's move to the final question before I hand over to you, Mike, for closing. So final question, please.

Thanks, James. That's two on the Redefine 4 and one on the Oral SMA in IO, but on the Redefine 1, I'll turn to you first, Martin.

Yeah, Redefine 4. As you well know, we've taken some learnings from Redefine 1, more specifically that we needed to do a longer study, so we amended the Redefine 4 study. That being said, our base case has always been non-inferiority with an upside of superiority. In the case of non-inferiority on weight loss, we still see a potential for upside on gastrointestinal side effects and solubility.

But also, we do believe that the CV benefits that we know from semaglutide could also potentially pan out and will read out from redefine free. Thus, clearly differentiate Cagosema vis-a-vis potential competitors. But I do want to iterate there is still the potential for a superiority upside, but obviously in an amended study, that should be taken with a little bit of a risk.

Thank you, Marc. And let's turn to you, Ludovic, for the second one, please.

Absolutely. So let's take a step back. The real focus and the priority of our WeGoVP launch is the U. S. and will remain the U. S. in 2026. As you rightly read, we are indeed opening with the reverse filed, and we are opening the option to launch in selected market in the course of 2026, depending on, of course, on how things are ramping up. And we are definitely ready in this market to be able to make the best and the most of the Rigoby Peel. And by the way, we're also very quickly transferring some knowledge from the telehealth channels, for instance, in the U. S. , into some I. O. markets. We are very active right now, as we speak, in many markets across the world, not just in Europe, but also in Australia, for instance, or in other parts of the world, where we believe that we really are gaining progress on the telehealth side.

So again, we're accelerating our overall experience curve on the telehealth, and that will be, we believe, will be proven very helpful at the time we launched the Wigo VPL. It's also noteworthy to say that the IO markets are also markets where we have some of the nicest experience on Rebelsys in Europe and elsewhere, which means that we can also leverage our experience on the oral markets that have been successful Rebelsys to build an even quicker position with the Wigo VPL. So, priority to the US, but fully ready to take on some selected markets in IEO when time comes.

Thanks, Ludwig. And with that, let's conclude the Q&A session. Thank you for participating, and please feel free to ask in the investigations for any follow-up questions, if that's the case. Before we finally round off, I'll just turn it over to you, Mike, for some final remarks.

Thank you, Jakob. Thank you to everyone for calling in. Before closing, I did want to make a few remarks. Although we have narrowed the full-year outlook for this year and see currently competitive headwind, the unmet need is huge. The volume opportunity longer term in our core area is enormous. We are sharpening our focus on diabetes, obesity, and associated comorbidities in order to address this unmet need. This is our home turf, and this is for us to drive the commercial execution and raise the innovation bar to treat many more patients and treat them better than ever before. And we will not stop till we do that. Thank you.